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Toxic zoanthid

Palythoa toxica

Nezvezita: Its Hawaiian name, limu-make-o-Hana, means 'seaweed of death from Hana', after the Hana district of Maui where it was first found.1

Inogona kuurayaUsabataInogona kuuraya kana pasina kurapwa. Kana munhu akaibata kana kuidya, wana rubatsiro nokukurumidza.

Dzimwe mhuka dzine chepfu

Chepfu muganda rayoIne chepfu, haina uturu hwekuruma kana kubaya

Ngozi kuvanhu: Ine ngozi zvikuruInogona kuuraya munhu asina kurapwa.

Palythoa toxica is a small, crust-like sea animal, called a zoanthid, that grows on rocks. It lives in Hawaii and is special because it is the species from which the very poisonous substance palytoxin was first discovered and isolated.1

Ine chepfu kana ine uturu? Mhuka dzine uturu dzinopinza uturu nekuruma kana kubaya. Mhuka dzine chepfu dzine ngozi kubata kana kudya. Iyi ine chepfu.

Inogara mu

Native to Hawaii; has been found sporadically throughout the state, first discovered on Maui1

Gungwa rePacific, Gungwa reIndia, Gungwa reCoral, Gungwa rePhilippines, Gungwa reChina yeKumaodzanyemba

Kumba

It was first found in a shallow rock pool about 25 cm deep that received fresh water when heavy rain fell, so it can live in water of changing salt levels. It has also been sold to keepers of reef aquariums, where people have been poisoned by handling it carelessly.1

Kureba

1,5 cm (0,6 in)3

saizi yakajairika yemhuka yakura

Kumhanya kukuru

kunenge 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

Kushambira, kufungidzira

Mufananidzo waToxic zoanthid — Toxic zoanthid. Mufananidzo: [1]. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Maziviro ayo

It grows as a flat, encrusting layer over rock.1
It has a firm, tough outer covering.1
Its polyps are partly sunk into a cushiony mat that spreads across the rock and contains sand grains and bits of debris.1
Each polyp has a broad mouth disc with a fringe of tentacles.1
Its colour varies but is usually cream, grey or pale brown.1

Simba rechepfu

Chepfu muganda rayo

Ganda rayo rine chepfu. Ine ngozi kubata, kunanzva kana kudya.

Chepfu yayo inoitei?

It is not venomous in the sense of injecting venom with a bite or sting. It contains palytoxin, one of the most poisonous substances known.1

Ine ngozi yakadii kuvanhu?

Ngozi kuvanhu: Ine ngozi zvikuruInogona kuuraya munhu asina kurapwa.

Palytoxin is one of the most poisonous substances known, and people have been poisoned by handling this animal in reef aquariums.1

Kana munhu akaibata kana kuidya

Kana munhu akaidya kana aine zviratidzo mushure mekuidya: fonera nhamba yechimbichimbi kana nzvimbo yeruzivo rwechepfu ipapo ipapo.

Gara uchitanga wafonera nhamba yechimbichimbi (112, 000, 911). Iri izano rakajairika rerubatsiro rwekutanga, kwete zano rechiremba. Zvakakosha zverubatsiro rwekutanga

Gara wakachengeteka

Usambobata mhuka yesango, kuedza kuitora kana kuinetsa, kunyange iri diki, uye kunyange ichiita seyakarara kana yakafa.
Ipa nzvimbo. Kana ukasangana nayo, dzikama, dzokera shure zvishoma nezvishoma uirege iende nenzira yayo.
Kana wakaibata kana kuidya: usakwesha maziso kana muromo wako, geza maoko ako uye wana rubatsiro rwechiremba.

Haisi kukutsvaga. Chepfu yayo iripo chete kuti pasava nechinhu chinoidya. Zvimwe pamusoro pekugara wakachengeteka

Kupi pasi rose?

Afrika Asia Yuropu Amerika yeKuchamhembe Amerika yeKumaodzanyemba Australia neOceania Gungwa rePacific Gungwa reIndia Gungwa reCoral Gungwa reChina yeKumaodzanyemba Gungwa rePhilippines

Yakakura sei?

Yakareba zvakadii?

ipfupi kupfuura munwe wako mudiki

Toxic zoanthid yakakura sei kana yaenzaniswa NEWE?

Masvomhu chete mubrowser yako. Hapana chinochengetwa kana kutumirwa kupi zvako.

Inomhanya zvakadii?

Hozhwa yemugadheni kunenge 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Toxic zoanthid kunenge 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

Munhu achishambira kunenge 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

zvakanaka kuziva

Chokwadi

Early Hawaiians used this animal to poison the tips of their weapons, and a legend says warriors could break a taboo and dip their spear tips into its pool when under severe threat.1

In 1961 researchers took specimens from the pool despite local advice, and the laboratories of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology on Coconut Island were destroyed by fire on that same day.1

Palythoa toxica is the species in which palytoxin was first discovered and first isolated.1

Unlike a related species, P. toxica is equally toxic all year round rather than changing with the seasons.1

Palytoxin has also been found in other Palythoa species, some algae, and certain crabs and fish, and it has been suggested that a dinoflagellate in the genus Ostreopsis produces the toxin.1

Kune nyanzvi dzeuturu

Zita resainzi: Palythoa toxica
Boka: Dzimwe mhuka dzine chepfu
Mhuri: Sphenopidae2
Odha: Zoantharia
Makondinendi: Gungwa rePacific, Gungwa reIndia, Gungwa reCoral, Gungwa rePhilippines, Gungwa reChina yeKumaodzanyemba, Makungwa makuru
Ngozi kuvanhu: 4 / 5: Ine ngozi zvikuru3

Kwakabva chokwadi

Palythoa toxica (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Palythoa toxica (iNaturalist): mazita nekurongwa kwemhuka.
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