Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Di-pit viper

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Jararaca

Bothrops jararaca

Ka lebitso: The name jararaca comes from Old Tupi îararaka.1

E ka bolayaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Ha e ka o loma, fumana thuso kapele.

Di-pit viper

Ho lomaE ja: Nama

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The jararaca is a highly venomous pit viper from South America. It is an important cause of snakebites in the areas where it lives. Its venom also gave scientists a peptide that was used to develop a family of heart and blood pressure drugs.1

E phela

Southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina (including Misiones province)1

Amerika Borwa

Lapeng

It mainly lives in dense tropical forests on the Atlantic coast. It also lives in thickets, savannas, semitropical highland forests and cultivated fields. Adults live on the ground, while juveniles also climb in trees.1

Bolelele

1,6 m (5,2 ft)1

Lebelo le phahameng

e ka bang 3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Naheng, kakanyo feela

E ja eng?

Juveniles mainly eat frogs and arthropods, while adults mostly eat mammals, and about 80% of an adult's diet is rodents. It is an ambush predator, relying on good camouflage to catch prey. Juveniles also wiggle their white tail tip to lure prey, which looks like an insect larva.1

Foto ya Jararaca — Jararaca. Foto: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

Slender body. Adults can reach a maximum total length of 160 cm, but most are much shorter.1
Colour varies a lot, from tan, brown, grey, yellow and olive to almost maroon.1
Rows of pale-edged, dark brown, triangular or trapezoidal markings run along each side of the body.1
A prominent dark brown stripe runs from behind each eye to the corner of the mouth.1
Juveniles have a white tip on the tail. The tongue is black and the iris is gold to greenish gold.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The venom is quite toxic and affects blood clotting. Typical effects include local swelling, bruising and blistering of the bitten limb, and bleeding from the gums and into the skin. Serious cases can involve bleeding in the brain, shock and kidney failure.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

In southeastern Brazil, this species caused 52% (3,446 cases) of snakebites recorded between 1902 and 1945, with a fatality rate of 0.7%. Its systemic symptoms can be fatal.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

Haeba e loma

Get to a hospital fast. In a recorded case, a patient was treated in hospital with bothropic antivenom and fluid replacement.1
Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, boloka setho se lomilweng se lekana le bophahamo ba pelo, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

Afrika Asia Yuropa Amerika Leboya Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 3 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 9 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 97 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Jararaca e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

Kgudu e ka bang 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Jararaca e ka bang 3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Motho ya tsamayang e ka bang 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

The drugs known as ACE inhibitors, used to treat high blood pressure and some types of heart failure, were developed from a peptide found in this snake's venom. Brazilian scientist Sérgio Henrique Ferreira developed them in 1965.1

An enzyme derived from the venom, called haemocoagulase, is used as an anti-haemorrhagic drug, meaning it helps stop bleeding.1

Males mate with more than one female, and males sometimes fight over females.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense: Bothrops jararaca
Sehlopha: Di-pit viper
Lelapa: Viperidae2
Tatelano: Squamata
Dikontinente: Amerika Borwa
Masea: Females give birth to live young from February to April, on average 10 to 14 offspring per season.1
Kotsi ho batho: 4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

Bothrops jararaca (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops jararaca (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
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