Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Di-pit viper

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Jararacussu

Bothrops jararacussu

E ka bolayaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Ha e ka o loma, fumana thuso kapele.

Di-pit viper

Ho lomaE ja: Nama

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The jararacussu is a large, highly venomous pit viper that lives in South America. It can grow up to 2.2 metres long and is one of the most feared snakes on the continent. Its bite can cause serious harm, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

E phela

Coastal Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina), Paraguay, south-eastern Bolivia and north-eastern Argentina (Misiones Province)1

Amerika Borwa

Lapeng

It lives in the Atlantic forest and semi-deciduous forest. It is also found in perennial forests, pine forests in Paraná in low swampy regions, and along river banks.1

Bolelele

2,2 m (7,2 ft)1

Lebelo le phahameng

e ka bang 4,2 km/h (2,6 mph)

Naheng, kakanyo feela

E ja eng?

It usually feeds on amphibians and rodents.1

Foto ya Jararacussu — Jararacussu. Foto: Henrique Nogueira. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

A fairly large snake with a robust body and head.1
Body and head colour varies widely. The background can be brown, yellow or almost black.1
A pattern of dark arches, and dark spots on the back that look like the letter X.1
Medium-sized eyes with vertical, elliptical pupils.1
Strongly keeled scales.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The venom contains cytotoxins, haemotoxins and myotoxins. Cytotoxins damage cells, haemotoxins affect the blood, and myotoxins damage muscle. Severe bites can cause necrosis (death of tissue), shock, spontaneous bleeding inside the body, and kidney failure. Many patients also develop coagulopathy, a condition where the blood cannot clot properly.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The venom is potent enough to kill sixteen people. In one study of 29 bites in São Paulo state, Brazil, three patients aged 3, 11 and 65 died from respiratory and circulatory failure, even with large doses of antivenom in intensive care. Six patients had necrosis, and one of them lost a limb to amputation. Bites from snakes over 50 cm long caused the most severe effects.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

It is described as very aggressive in behaviour.1

Haeba e loma

Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, boloka setho se lomilweng se lekana le bophahamo ba pelo, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

Afrika Asia Yuropa Amerika Leboya Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 4 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 12 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 86 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Jararacussu e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

Kgudu e ka bang 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Jararacussu e ka bang 4,2 km/h (2,6 mph)

Motho ya tsamayang e ka bang 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

Its venom yield is 1000 mg, which is enough to kill 10,163 rats in laboratory measures.1

Its fangs are about 2.5 cm long, and it can inject a large amount of venom.1

It warms up in the morning sun, then goes out to hunt at night.1

It is ovoviviparous and gives birth to between 16 and 20 young in the rainy season.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense: Bothrops jararacussu
Sehlopha: Di-pit viper
Lelapa: Viperidae2
Tatelano: Squamata
Dikontinente: Amerika Borwa
Masea: It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother and she gives birth to live young. A litter has between 16 and 20 young, born in the rainy season.1
Kotsi ho batho: 4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

Bothrops jararacussu (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops jararacussu (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
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