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Venom Wiki / Diphoofolo tsohle / Ditlhapi tse nang le chefo
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Reef stonefish
No. 1174 ho 1 402

Reef stonefish

Synanceia verrucosa
Ka lebitso: The scientific name verrucosa means "covered with verrucas or warts", which refers to the warty growths all over its body.1
E ka bolayaO se ke wa amaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Haeba meutlwa ya yona e o hlaba, fumana thuso kapele.
Ditlhapi tse nang le chefo Meutlwa e nang le chefoE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The reef stonefish is a fish that hides on coral reefs and looks like a rock or piece of coral. It is the most venomous fish in the world, and its venom can kill people. It lives in shallow warm seas across the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific.1

E phela
Red Sea, coastal East Africa, Indian Ocean and western Pacific to French Polynesia, southern Japan and Taiwan. Also found in the far eastern Mediterranean.1
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lefubedu, Lewatle la Andaman, Lewatle la China Borwa, Lewatle la Philippine, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Arabia le Kgwohlo ya Persia, Lewatle la Timor le Arafura, Kgwohlo ya Bengal
Lapeng
It lives in shallow tropical waters, in coral reefs. It settles on and around rocks and plants, or rests on the seabed. Its spines have been known to pierce boot soles.1
Bolelele
40 cm (1,3 ft)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 2 km/h (1,2 mph)
Ho sesa, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It eats mostly small fish, shrimp and other crustaceans. It sits motionless on the reef floor and waits for prey to swim past, then engulfs it at great speed. Some have struck prey in 0.015 seconds.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Reef stonefish
Reef stonefish. Foto: Ewout Knoester. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Usually brown or grey, sometimes with patches of yellow, orange or red.1
  • Rough, tough skin covered in warts, with no scales.1
  • Wide, flattened head with small eyes that point upwards.1
  • Back fin with 12 to 14 spines, all of equal length.1
  • Its colour and skin texture help it blend in among rocks and corals.1

Matla a chefo

Meutlwa e nang le chefo

Meutlwa e bohale e nka chefo. Ho e hata kapa ho e tshwara ho bohloko.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

Its venom is a mixture of proteins. Effects include severe pain, shock, paralysis and tissue death. A large dose can be fatal, and the fatal protein in this species is verrucotoxin. Stonefish venom can be fatal at a dose of only 18 mg, which six of its thirteen spines can release.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

It is the most venomous fish in the world and its venom can kill humans. A large dose can be fatal, and young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems are at greatest risk.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

It relies on camouflage to stay hidden and, when necessary, on its back spines, each with venom sacs at its base.1

Haeba meutlwa ya yona e o hlaba

  • Immerse the affected limb in hot water, which is thought to help break down the venom proteins. A local anaesthetic can reduce the pain, and medical treatment includes antivenom. A tourniquet or firm constrictive bandage is no longer recommended.1
  • Kenya leqeba metsing a tjhesang, a tjhesang hoo motho a ka a mamellang ntle le ho tjha (a leke ka letsoho la hao pele), metsotso e 30 ho isa ho e 90. Fumana thuso ya bongaka, haholoholo bakeng sa di-stonefish le di-stingray.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba meutlwa ya yona e o hlaba: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le OceaniaLewatle la PacificLewatle la IndiaLewatle le LefubeduLewatle la CoralLewatle la China BorwaLewatle la PhilippineLewatle la AndamanLewatle la Arabia le Kgwohlo ya PersiaLewatle la Timor le ArafuraKgwohlo ya Bengal

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Reef stonefish bolelele ba e ka bang 40 cm (1,3 ft)Banana e ka bang 18 cm (7,1 in)Katse ya lapeng e ka bang 50 cm (1,6 ft)
e telele jwaloka dibanana tse 2 tse latellanange telele jwaloka diboloko tsa ho bapala tse 12 molenge ka sesa bolelele ba letangwane le leholo la ho sesa (50 m) ka metsotswana e 90

Reef stonefish e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

It is the most venomous fish in the world.1

2

It strikes its prey in as little as 0.015 seconds.1

3

Its spines are sharp and stiff enough to pierce boot soles.1

4

Only six of its thirteen spines can release a fatal dose of venom.1

5

It is sold as an aquarium pet and as meat in some markets in southern China, the Philippines and Japan.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Tying a tight tourniquet or bandage above a stonefish sting is the best first aid.

Nnete: This is no longer recommended. Hot water on the affected limb and medical treatment with antivenom are the advised steps.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Synanceia verrucosa
Sehlopha
Ditlhapi tse nang le chefo
Lelapa
Synanceiidae2
Tatelano
Perciformes
Dikontinente
Lewatle la Pacific, Lewatle la India, Lewatle le Lefubedu, Lewatle la Andaman, Lewatle la China Borwa, Lewatle la Philippine, Lewatle la Coral, Lewatle la Arabia le Kgwohlo ya Persia, Lewatle la Timor le Arafura, Kgwohlo ya Bengal, Mawatle
Masea
Females lay large, unfertilised eggs on the reef floor, and a male fertilises them by releasing sperm over the eggs. The young hatch well developed.1
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Synanceia verrucosa (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Synanceia verrucosa (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala