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Common lancehead

Bothrops atrox

Kuhusu jina: The name fer-de-lance comes from French and means 'head of a lance' or 'spearhead'. The Spanish name barba amarilla means 'yellow beard', after the pale-yellow chin.1

AnauaMmoja wa wanyama wanaoua zaidi Duniani. Akikuuma, omba msaada mara moja.Msaada wa haraka na dawa ya kuzuia sumu huokoa watu wengi. Piga namba yako ya dharura mara moja.

Nyoka wenye vishimo

KuumwaHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: AnauaMmoja wa wanyama hatari zaidi duniani.

The common lancehead is a highly venomous pit viper that lives in the tropical lowlands of northern South America and on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is one of the most common pit vipers in its range and is not endangered. Its venom disrupts blood clotting, which makes its bite especially serious.1

Anaishi

Tropical lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes, and the Caribbean island of Trinidad1

Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

It is mostly found on the ground and prefers wet forests. In Trinidad it lives from sea level up to 940 m. It is also met in coffee and banana plantations, where it hunts rodents and where workers are often bitten.1

Urefu

75 cm hadi 1.6 m (2.5 ft hadi 5.3 ft)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 3.9 kwa saa (maili 2.4 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It mainly eats small mammals such as rodents and opossums, and birds, but also takes frogs, lizards, smaller snakes, fish, crayfish, centipedes and tarantulas. Larger prey is struck and released, then tracked down by its scent trail.1

Picha ya Common lancehead — Common lancehead. Picha: Alexandre S. Michelotto. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Ground colour is olive, brown, tan, grey or yellow, and rarely rusty.1
The body pattern is a series of blotches that often fuse into bands. The markings are X-like, which is why some local names refer to the letter X.1
The chin is pale yellow, and a dark stripe runs from behind the eye to the corner of the mouth.1
The irises are gold or bronze, and the tongue is black.1
Adults usually measure 75 to 125 cm in total length and are moderately heavy-bodied.1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: It is often confused with Bothrops asper, which was once included in this species. Most authorities now consider B. asper to be a separate species. This confusion also makes reports of its maximum size unclear.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Its venom is haemorrhagic, meaning it damages the lining of blood vessels and uses up the substances that allow blood to clot. Symptoms can include severe bleeding, kidney failure, abnormal clotting, blisters and necrosis (death of body tissue). Bleeding in the brain can also occur. Recovery from the clotting problem has been seen 14 to 30 hours after a bite.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: AnauaMmoja wa wanyama hatari zaidi duniani.

The bite is serious and can be fatal. Plantation workers are often bitten. Juvenile snakes have more lethal venom that kills more quickly, and people bitten by young snakes are more likely to develop the clotting problem. In a case reported in the Brazilian Amazon, the patient died of a stroke even after antivenom was given. A Mexican polyvalent antivenom tested against it had no effect on the clotting problem.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

It is easily agitated, and it can lie camouflaged for hours, nearly undetectable, then strike at high speed.1

Akiuma

Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 3 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 9 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 92 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Common lancehead ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Common lancehead takriban km 3.9 kwa saa (2.4 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

An enzyme called reptilase, or batroxobin, is taken from its venom and used in modern medical laboratories to measure fibrinogen levels and blood clotting. The enzyme is not affected by heparin.1

Although it is mostly terrestrial, it is an excellent swimmer and will climb trees when needed to reach prey.1

Females with developing embryos move in and out of sunlight to keep themselves and the embryos at a constant temperature.1

Venom yield averages 124 milligrams, but can reach 342 milligrams.1

Despite the large-scale destruction of rainforests, it is among the most numerous and common of pit vipers.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Bothrops atrox
Kundi: Nyoka wenye vishimo
Familia: Viperidae2
Mpangilio: Squamata
Mabara: Amerika Kusini
Watoto: It gives birth to live young, up to 80 at once, with an average of about 60 per litter in equatorial regions after a gestation of three to four months.1
Hali yake porini: Not endangered1
Hatari kwa watu: 5 / 5: Anaua3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Bothrops atrox (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops atrox (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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