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Cane toad

Rhinella marina

Kuhusu jina: The common name comes from its use against the cane beetle, which damages sugar cane. The name 'marine toad' came from a mistaken belief that it lived in the sea.1

Anahitaji daktariUsiguseMara chache huua, lakini mtu akimgusa au kumla, aende kwa daktari.

Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji

Sumu ndani ya ngoziHula: Kidogo cha kila kituSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu

Hatari kwa watu: MbayaMtu akimgusa au kumla, aende kwa daktari. Vifo ni nadra sana.

The cane toad is a large toad that is very poisonous to many animals. It is native to South and mainland Central America, but people have moved it to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean and to northern Australia. It matters because it spreads quickly and harms native wildlife and pets.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.

Anaishi

Native to South and mainland Central America. Introduced to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean, and to northern Australia.1

Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

Cane toads live in open grassland and woodland. They prefer places changed by people, such as gardens and drainage ditches. In their native areas they can also be found in subtropical forests.1

Urefu

10 cm hadi 24 cm (3.9 in hadi 9.4 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 2 kwa saa (maili 1.2 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

Cane toads eat both living and dead matter. They mainly find food by sight, but they can also use their sense of smell. Their diet includes small mammals, reptiles, birds, bats, many insects, plants, pet food and household rubbish.1

Picha ya Cane toad — Cane toad. Picha: Connor Margetts. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Very large, with adults usually 10 to 15 cm long1
Dry, warty skin with distinct ridges above the eyes that run down the snout1
A large parotoid gland (a swollen gland) behind each eye1
Grey, yellowish, red-brown or olive-brown skin, often with patterns1
Horizontal pupils and golden irises1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: In Australia, adults can be confused with large native frogs, but these lack the large parotoid glands and the ridge between the nostril and eye. The giant burrowing frog has vertical pupils and silver-grey irises, while the cane toad has horizontal pupils and golden irises. In the United States, the southern toad has two bulbs in front of the parotoid glands.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The toad's glands secrete a milky-white fluid called bufotoxin when it is threatened. Components of bufotoxin are toxic to many animals. In dogs, signs of poisoning include excessive drooling, extremely red gums, head-shaking, crying and loss of coordination.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: MbayaMtu akimgusa au kumla, aende kwa daktari. Vifo ni nadra sana.

The toxic skin can kill many wild and domestic animals. Dogs are especially at risk from licking or biting the toad. Human deaths have also been recorded after people ate cane toads.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When threatened, it releases bufotoxin from its glands.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

Mtu akimgusa: nawa mikono vizuri na usiguse macho wala mdomo. Mtoto au mnyama kipenzi akimramba au kumla: piga kituo cha taarifa za sumu au namba ya dharura.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na matofali 8 ya kuchezea yaliyopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 180 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Cane toad ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Cane toad takriban km 2 kwa saa (1.2 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Young toads lose the toxicity they had as eggs and tadpoles, and they only develop their poison glands later. Only an estimated 0.5% of cane toads reach adulthood.1

In Australia, tadpoles have evolved to be more likely to eat their siblings than tadpoles in South America.1

A female can lay thousands of eggs in one spawn, in strings up to 20 metres long.1

In the wild, cane toads can live 10 to 15 years, and one captive toad was reported to have lived 35 years.1

The cane toad is considered the largest species in the Bufonidae, the toad family.1

Cane toads eat both living and dead matter, which is unusual among frogs and toads.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: The name 'marine toad' suggests that cane toads live in the sea.

Ukweli: Cane toads do not live in the sea. The name came from a mistaken belief by an early naturalist.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Rhinella marina
Kundi: Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji
Familia: Bufonidae2
Mpangilio: Anura
Mabara: Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini
Watoto: A female lays 8,000 to 25,000 eggs at once, in long jelly strings that can stretch up to 20 metres.1
Muda wa maisha: takriban miaka 151
Hatari kwa watu: 3 / 5: Mbaya3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Cane toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Rhinella marina (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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