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South American bushmaster

Lachesis muta

Kuhusu jina: Its scientific name comes from Lachesis, one of the three Fates in Greek mythology, and muta, Latin for "dumb" or "mute", because it has no rattle.1

Anaweza kuuaAnaweza kukuua bila matibabu. Akikuuma, tafuta msaada haraka.

Nyoka wenye vishimo

KuumwaHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The South American bushmaster is one of the longest vipers in the world, and it is the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere. It lives in the equatorial forests east of the Andes and on the island of Trinidad. Its bite is dangerous, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

Anaishi

South America, in equatorial forests east of the Andes, and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean1

Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

It lives in primary and secondary forests and in nearby fields and cleared areas. In Trinidad it tends to prefer hilly and mountainous regions. In Ilhéus, Brazil, a child was bitten after stepping on one on the way out of a house.1

Urefu

2 m hadi 3.6 m (6.6 ft hadi 12 ft)1

Uzito

3 kg hadi 5 kg (6.6 lb hadi 11 lb)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 5.1 kwa saa (maili 3.2 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It eats mainly rats and mice. Birds and reptiles are sometimes eaten. Spiny rats are favoured prey in Costa Rica, and rice rats and agoutis are other favourites. It also eats porcupines, squirrels, opossums, squirrel monkeys and frogs.1

Picha ya South American bushmaster — South American bushmaster. Picha: Christopher Murray. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Its ground colour is yellowish, reddish or grey-brown.1
Dark brown or black blotches run along the body, forming inverted triangles on the sides.1
Adults are usually 2 to 2.5 m long, and 3 m is not unusual.1
The head is broad and clearly separate from the narrow neck.1
The tail is short and ends in a spine. When alarmed it vibrates the tail, which makes a loud rustling in undergrowth.1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: It is similar in appearance to rattlesnakes. It has no rattle, so its tail vibration sounds like rustling leaves rather than a rattle.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Its venom breaks down tissue, stops blood from clotting, and can cause bleeding. It also has effects on the nerves. At the bite there is pain, swelling, bruising, blisters and skin death. Whole-body effects include low blood pressure, dizziness, vision problems, a slow heartbeat, vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney failure.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Its bites are often fatal. Lab tests show its venom is weak, but the mortality rate of bite victims is high. In reported cases, a 7-year-old boy in Brazil died about 15 minutes after being bitten, and a 5-year-old child in Mato Grosso went into shock about 30 minutes after a bite and died within 90 minutes.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When threatened it vibrates its tail, which makes a loud rustling sound in the undergrowth.1

Akiuma

Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Ana uzito gani?

uzito sawa na paka wa nyumbani 1

urefu sawa na mbwa 4 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 20 zilizopangwa mstarikaribu uzito sawa na paka wa nyumbaniangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 71 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

South American bushmaster ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

South American bushmaster takriban km 5.1 kwa saa (3.2 mph)

Mtoto kwenye baiskeli takriban km 12 kwa saa (7.5 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

It is the longest viper in the world.1

It is the third longest venomous snake in the world, after the king cobra and the black mamba.1

Stress also lowers its venom yield. One specimen's yield fell from 233 mg to 64 mg while it was kept in captivity.1

Its name Lachesis comes from one of the three Fates of Greek mythology, who was said to decide how long a person would live.1

It rarely lives long in captivity, because stress makes it unwell.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Its venom is weak, so its bite is not very serious.

Ukweli: Lab tests show low toxicity, but bite victims die at a high rate, so the bite is very dangerous.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Lachesis muta
Kundi: Nyoka wenye vishimo
Familia: Viperidae2
Mpangilio: Squamata
Mabara: Amerika Kusini
Hatari kwa watu: 4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Lachesis muta (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Lachesis muta (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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