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European paper wasp

Polistes dominula

Kuhusu jina: It is called the European paper wasp because of its native range in Europe and its nests, which are made from paper and saliva. The species name dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress".1

Inauma tuInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Nyuki, nyigu na mavu

KudungwaHula: Wadudu

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The European paper wasp is a yellow and black social wasp that builds nests from chewed plant fibre mixed with saliva, which looks like grey paper. It lives in warm, temperate parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia, and it has spread to many other continents. It matters because it has become a common invasive species in North America.1

Anaishi

Southern Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia; introduced to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the Americas1

Ulaya, Asia, Afrika

Nyumbani

It generally lives in temperate, land habitats such as chaparral, forest and grassland. It often nests on and around human buildings and structures, which give shelter and are close to food.1

Urefu

8.5 mm hadi 1.3 cm (0.3 in hadi 0.5 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 25 kwa saa (maili 16 kwa saa)

Anayeruka, makadirio

Hula nini?

It eats many different types of insects, which is more varied than most Polistes wasps, and this gives it an advantage when food is scarce.1

Picha ya European paper wasp — European paper wasp. Picha: Bill Keim. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Its body is coloured entirely yellow and black.1
The female's mandible (jaw) is black and sometimes has a yellow spot.1
The outer half of the antennae (feelers) is orange-yellow.1
Wings are about 8.5 to 13 mm long, with little variation between individuals.1
Males have curled antennae and no stinger.1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: Its yellow and black body is similar to that of Vespula germanica, one of the most common and defensive wasps in its native range. In older literature it was often confused with Polistes gallicus, which is now recognised as a separate species.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kudungwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia mdungo.

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

Its bright yellow and black colouring is a warning colour, and its nests are built in well-protected places to help it avoid predators.1

Akidunga

Kwangua mwiba wa nyuki na upoze mahali hapo.
Mtu akipata shida ya kupumua, uso au koo likivimba, au akijisikia kuzimia, hiyo ni dharura ya mzio: piga namba ya dharura na umtumie kalamu yake ya adrenalini kama anayo.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikudunga: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

mdogo kiasi cha kukaa juu ya ukucha wakoangeweza kuruka kuvuka uwanja mzima wa mpira kwa sekunde 15

European paper wasp ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Inzi wa nyumbani takriban km 7 kwa saa (4.4 mph)

European paper wasp takriban km 25 kwa saa (16 mph)

Mtu anayekimbia kwa kasi takriban km 37 kwa saa (23 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Its colonies can include many unrelated wasps: about 35% of the wasps in a colony are unrelated, which is unusual for social insects.1

Males' abdominal spots vary in size, location and pattern, and they signal social rank within the colony.1

If the queen is removed from a nest, the second most dominant female takes over her role.1

In spring, some North American colonies have been seen with more than 80 wasps joining to reuse and expand an old nest.1

The first North American record was in Massachusetts in the late 1970s, and it had spread across the northeastern USA by 1995.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: The species name is sometimes spelled "dominulus", as authors wrongly assumed the name was an adjective.

Ukweli: Dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress", so under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature it does not change when the species moves genus.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Polistes dominula
Kundi: Nyuki, nyigu na mavu
Familia: Vespidae2
Mpangilio: Hymenoptera
Mabara: Ulaya, Asia, Afrika
Watoto: Dominant females lay the eggs, and the queen starts laying in late March or early April.1
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

European paper wasp (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Polistes dominula (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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