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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Inauma tuUsiguseInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji

Sumu ndani ya ngoziHula: NyamaSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.

Anaishi

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Urefu

1.2 cm hadi 2 cm (0.5 in hadi 0.8 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 2 kwa saa (maili 1.2 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Picha ya Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Picha: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

Mtu akimgusa: nawa mikono vizuri na usiguse macho wala mdomo. Mtoto au mnyama kipenzi akimramba au kumla: piga kituo cha taarifa za sumu au namba ya dharura.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

mfupi kuliko kidole chako kidogoangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 180 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Pumpkin toadlet ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet takriban km 2 kwa saa (1.2 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Ukweli: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Brachycephalus ephippium
Kundi: Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji
Familia: Brachycephalidae2
Mpangilio: Anura
Mabara: Amerika Kusini
Watoto: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Hali yake porini: Not considered threatened1
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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