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Tarantula hawk

Pepsis grossa

Kuhusu jina: The wasps are named after their prey: they hunt tarantula spiders, which gives them the name tarantula hawk.1

Inauma tuInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Nyuki, nyigu na mavu

KudungwaHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The tarantula hawk is a very large wasp that hunts tarantulas, which are big hairy spiders. It lives from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to northern South America, and also on the Caribbean islands. Its sting is among the most painful of any insect.1

Anaishi

Southern United States (as far north as Kansas), Mexico, Central America, northern South America and the Caribbean1

Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

Females hunt low over the ground, mainly around dusk and dawn to avoid the strong daytime sun. They look for spider burrows, using sight or scent, and may enter them to find prey.1

Urefu

2.4 cm hadi 5.1 cm (0.9 in hadi 2 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 45 kwa saa (maili 28 kwa saa)

Anayeruka, makadirio

Hula nini?

Adults hunt tarantulas, almost always from the Theraphosidae family. The wasp stings the spider to paralyse it, and the wasp's larva then eats the paralysed spider.1

Picha ya Tarantula hawk — Tarantula hawk. Picha: Niklas299. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Black and orange colours, with several colour forms: an orange-winged form, a black-winged form, and in northern South America a form with a dark wing base, dark amber patches and a pale wing tip1
Females are 30–51 mm long; males are 24–40 mm long1
Jerky movements and a strong odour1
Males have 12 antennal segments, which separates them from other Pepsis species, which have 131

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: The black-winged form is hard to tell apart from Pepsis mexicana, but that species is always noticeably smaller. The robber fly Wyliea mydas copies the tarantula hawk's black body and bright orange wings, and makes stinging movements, but it cannot sting.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kudungwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia mdungo.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Tarantula hawks produce large amounts of venom. A sting causes immediate, intense pain that is short-lived, and it is among the greatest pain recorded for any stinging insect. The venom itself is not very toxic, so its defence works almost entirely through pain.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

Only females can sting. The sting is considered the second most painful of any insect sting, scoring 4.0 on the Schmidt sting pain index, compared with 4.0+ for the bullet ant.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

Its black and orange colours, jerky behaviour and strong odour warn predators that it can sting.1

Akidunga

Kwangua mwiba wa nyuki na upoze mahali hapo.
Mtu akipata shida ya kupumua, uso au koo likivimba, au akijisikia kuzimia, hiyo ni dharura ya mzio: piga namba ya dharura na umtumie kalamu yake ya adrenalini kama anayo.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikudunga: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

mfupi kuliko kidole chako kidogoangeweza kuruka kuvuka uwanja mzima wa mpira kwa sekunde 8.4

Tarantula hawk ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Mtu anayekimbia kwa kasi takriban km 37 kwa saa (23 mph)

Tarantula hawk takriban km 45 kwa saa (28 mph)

Gari mjini takriban km 50 kwa saa (31 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

The female chooses the spider's size and sex for her eggs. Fertilised eggs go on large spiders and become females, and unfertilised eggs go on male spiders and become males.1

Roadrunners sometimes steal the tarantula from a wasp and leave the wasp unharmed. Others beat the wasp against the ground before eating it.1

The tarantula hawk is the state insect of New Mexico. Almost 10,000 schoolchildren voted for it, and it was made official by a law signed in 1989.1

Wasps of the genus Pepsis are important pollinators of milkweeds, which are poisonous to grazing livestock.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: The tarantula hawk's sting is dangerous mainly because its venom is strongly poisonous.

Ukweli: The venom itself is not very toxic. Its main defence is the intense pain of the sting.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Pepsis grossa
Kundi: Nyuki, nyigu na mavu
Familia: Pompilidae2
Mpangilio: Hymenoptera
Mabara: Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini
Watoto: The female lays a single egg on a paralysed spider and seals it in a chamber, and the larva eats the spider.1
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Pepsis grossa (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Pepsis grossa (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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