Nom. 0653 ya 1 402

Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

Ka ga leina: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

E tlhoka ngakaGa e bolaye gantsi, mme go lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka.

Digokgo

Go lomaE ja: Nama

Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

E tshela kwa

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

Amerika Bokone

Gae

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

Boleele

6 mm go ya go 2 cm (0,2 in go ya go 0,8 in)1

Lebelo le le kwa godimo

e ka nna 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela

E ja eng?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Setshwantsho sa Brown recluse — Brown recluse. Setshwantsho: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Maatla a botlhole

Go loma

Botlhole bo tswa ka meno a yone fa e loma.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Fa e loma

Tlhatswa fa go lomilweng mme o tsenye pakana ya aese mo go gone go fokotsa botlhoko. Batla thuso ya bongaka fa botlhoko bo le bogolo, bo anama kgotsa motho a ikutlwa a sa siama.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
Fa e nngwe e go loma: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

Aforika Asia Yuropa Amerika Bokone Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

e ka nna boleele jo bo lekanang le jwa kelipi ya pampiri

Brown recluse e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

Khudu e ka nna 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Brown recluse e ka nna 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Nnete: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense: Loxosceles reclusa
Setlhopha: Digokgo
Lelapa: Sicariidae2
Lekoko: Araneae
Dikontinente: Amerika Bokone
Masea: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Kotsi go batho: 3 / 5: E masisi3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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