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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Pine processionary
Nom. 1043 ya 1 402

Pine processionary

Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Ka ga leina: The name comes from the Ancient Greek pityokampē, meaning "Aleppo pine larva", from pitys (pine) and kampē (caterpillar).1
E utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaE a utlwisa botlhoko, mme ga e kitla e go gobatsa thata.
Diboko le dikhukhwane Meriri e e tlhabangE ja: Dimela
Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

The pine processionary is a moth whose caterpillars are famous for marching in long, nose-to-tail lines through pine woods. Their hairs cause painful rashes and eye irritation, and they can strip the needles from whole trees. It lives around the Mediterranean and is spreading north.1

E tshela kwa
Southern Mediterranean area, North Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe; now spreading north into France1
Yuropa, Aforika, Asia
Gae
Coniferous forests, mostly pine trees, though sometimes cedar or larch. The caterpillars live in large silk nests high in the trees, and pupate in soil under the ground.1
Boleele
4 cm (1,6 in)3
bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa e e godileng
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 0,03 km/h (0,02 mph)
Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
The caterpillars feed on pine needles, leaving the trees defoliated when there are large numbers. They come out to feed at night.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Pine processionary
Pine processionary. Setshwantsho: unknown. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • Caterpillars are orange-brown and hairy, with blue bands.1
  • Large silken nests in pine trees, often with several in one tree and signs of stripped needles.1
  • Caterpillars move in single-file processions, usually at night and when leaving the tree to pupate.1
  • Adults have predominantly light brown forewings with brown markings and white hindwings.1
  • Adult males have a crescent marking on the wings and are larger than the oak processionary.1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: The oak processionary (Thaumetopoea processionea) is smaller as an adult, has an indistinct wing marking rather than a crescent, and lives in broad-leaved rather than coniferous forests. The pale eggar moth has no crescent marking on its wings.1

Maatla a botlhole

Meriri e e tlhabang

Meriri e mennye kgotsa ditlhaka di robegela mo letlalong mme di tlhabe.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The species is not venomous. Its caterpillars have hairs containing an irritant chemical called thaumetopoein, which causes skin rashes (urticaria) and eye irritation on contact. Some people may have an allergic reaction. The hairs of fifth-stage larvae can also break off and spread across nearby exposed skin.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

Simple contact with the caterpillar hairs can cause severe rashes and eye irritation in humans and other mammals. Some individuals may have an allergic reaction.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When stressed or threatened, fifth-stage caterpillars eject harpoon-shaped hairs that irritate any exposed skin nearby.1

Fa o ama meriri ya yone

  • Ya meriri e e tlhabang ya diboko: e tlose ka theipi e e kgomarelang, morago o tlhatswe letlalo. O se ka wa gotlha.
  • Fa e lomile: tlhatswa le go tsidifatsa. Batla thuso ya bongaka fa motho a ikutlwa a sa siama kgotsa a tswa madi bonolo.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa o ama meriri ya yone: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Pine processionary e ka nna 4 cm ka boleele (1,6 in)Kelipi ya pampiri e ka nna 3 cm (1,2 in)Founu e e botlhale e ka nna 15 cm (5,9 in)
e ka nna boleele jo bo lekanang le jwa kelipi ya pampiribonya go feta kgopa ya tshingwana

Pine processionary e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

Caterpillars in a procession hold together through touch from the caterpillar in front, which takes priority over the trail pheromone or silk.1

2

The caterpillars are one of the few temperate-zone insects whose larvae develop through the winter, living in silk nests high in pine trees.1

3

Adults live for only a single day, during which they mate and lay eggs.1

4

The Greek physician Dioscorides described the itching caused by this caterpillar in the 1st century AD, and Pliny the Elder recorded a treatment for it.1

5

Outbreaks are somewhat cyclical, with a period of 7 to 9 years.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Fabre's caterpillars marched in a circle around a flower pot only because they were trapped on its rim.

Nnete: Young caterpillars' circular trails continue for as long as 12 hours even when they are free on a flat surface.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Setlhopha
Diboko le dikhukhwane
Lelapa
Notodontidae2
Lekoko
Lepidoptera
Dikontinente
Yuropa, Aforika, Asia
Masea
Each female lays an enormous number of eggs near the tops of pine trees, in cylindrical egg masses 4 to 5 cm long covered with scales that mimic pine shoots.1
Kotsi go batho
2 / 5: E botlhoko3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pine processionary (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Thaumetopoea pityocampa (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Diboko le dikhukhwane

Oak processionaryDiboko le dikhukhwaneE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaWhite-spotted assassin bugDiboko le dikhukhwaneE utlwisa botlhoko felaCommon bombardier beetleDiboko le dikhukhwaneGa e na kotsiAsian giant water bugDiboko le dikhukhwaneE utlwisa botlhoko felaBlue-striped nettle grubDiboko le dikhukhwaneE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaBrown-tail mothDiboko le dikhukhwaneE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa ama

E tshela gape kwa: Yuropa

Common European adderDivaepara le diboloboloE tlhoka ngakaSpanish flyDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE tlhoka ngakaO se ka wa amaCommon waspDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaEuropean hornetDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaFire salamanderDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaWestern honey beeDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko fela
Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala