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Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Digwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewt
Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Fire salamander
Nom. 1358 ya 1 402

Fire salamander

Salamandra salamandra
E utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaE a utlwisa botlhoko, mme ga e kitla e go gobatsa thata.
Digwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewt Botlhole mo letlalong la yoneE ja: DikhukhwaneE botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, ga e tsenye botlhole
Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

The fire salamander is a black amphibian with bright yellow, and sometimes red or orange, markings. It lives in forests across most of southern and central Europe. Its bright colours warn predators that its skin is poisonous.1

E botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja, kgotsa e tsenya botlhole? Diphologolo tse di tsenyang botlhole di bo tsenya ka go loma kgotsa go tlhaba. Diphologolo tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di ja di kotsi fa o di ama kgotsa o di ja. Eno ke e e botlhole go e ama kgotsa go e ja.
E tshela kwa
Most of southern and central Europe, including the Balkans and Spain1
Yuropa
Gae
Fire salamanders live in forests, especially deciduous woodland in hilly areas. They hide under fallen leaves, wood, stones and mossy tree trunks. They need small, clean brooks or ponds nearby for their young to develop, and people may meet them in damp woodland, especially in the evening, at night or on rainy days.1
Boleele
15 cm go ya go 25 cm (5,9 in go ya go 9,8 in)1
Bokima
40 g (1,4 oz)1
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
It mainly eats insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, earthworms and slugs. It occasionally eats newts and young frogs. It catches small prey with its vomerine teeth or the back of its tongue, to which the prey sticks.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Fire salamander
Fire salamander. Setshwantsho: Frank Vassen. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • Black with yellow spots or stripes; the amount of yellow varies, and some are almost completely black1
  • Shades of red or orange may appear, replacing or mixing with the yellow, depending on the subspecies1
  • Grows to 15 to 25 cm long, making it one of Europe's largest salamanders1
  • Males and females look very similar, except in the breeding season, when the male has a swollen gland near his vent1

Maatla a botlhole

Botlhole mo letlalong la yone

Letlalo la yone le botlhole. Go kotsi go e ama, go e latswa kgotsa go e ja.

Botlhole jwa yone (jwa go e ama kgotsa go e ja) bo dira eng?

The fire salamander is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom with a bite. Its skin secretions contain alkaloid toxins, mainly samandarin, which cause strong muscle convulsions and high blood pressure, combined with fast breathing, in all vertebrates. Another alkaloid, samandarone, has also been found in its skin secretions. The poison comes from glands concentrated around the head and along the back.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E botlhokoE ka utlwisa botlhoko tota, mme go seoka thata gore e nne masisi.

Some compounds in its skin secretions are potentially dangerous to human life. Touching the animal or handling its skin can expose people to the poison.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

Its bright yellow, red or orange colours warn predators that it is poisonous, and it releases toxins from its skin glands.1

Fa mongwe a e amile kgotsa a e jele

  • Fa mongwe a amile e nngwe: tlhatswa diatla sentle mme o se ka wa ama matlho kgotsa molomo. Fa ngwana kgotsa phologolo ya gae e latswitse kgotsa e jele e nngwe: leletsa senthara ya botlhole kgotsa nomoro ya tshoganyetso.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa o e amile kgotsa o e jele: o se ka wa gotlha matlho kgotsa molomo wa gago, tlhatswa diatla mme o batle thuso ya bongaka.

Ga e go batle. Botlhole jwa yone bo teng fela gore sepe se se ka se e je. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Fire salamander e ka nna 25 cm ka boleele (9,8 in)Panana e ka nna 18 cm (7,1 in)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)

E kima go le kae?

bokima jo bo lekanang le dikelipi tsa pampiri di le 40
boleele jo bo lekanang le diboloko tsa go aga tsa ditshamekisi di le 8 mo moleng

Fire salamander e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

One fire salamander lived for more than 50 years in Museum Koenig, a natural history museum in Germany.1

2

Larvae do not make the poison. It develops as the salamander matures, in the ovaries, liver and testes.1

3

Its skin poison may also help protect it against bacterial and fungal infections of the skin.1

4

Its bright colours are a warning signal. Scientists call this aposematism, meaning the animal advertises that it is poisonous.1

5

Some subspecies give birth to live young, while others release larvae into water. Only two subspecies, fastuosa and bernadezi, give birth to fully formed young.1

6

In captivity, females can store sperm for a long time and use it to produce another clutch of eggs. This has not been seen in the wild.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Salamandra salamandra
Setlhopha
Digwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewt
Lelapa
Salamandridae2
Lekoko
Caudata
Dikontinente
Yuropa
Masea
Eggs develop inside the female, and she puts the larvae into water as they hatch. In some subspecies, the young develop inside the female until she gives birth to fully formed young.1
Dingwaga tsa botshelo
e ka nna dingwaga di le 501
Seemo sa yone kwa nageng
Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, 2023)1
Kotsi go batho
2 / 5: E botlhoko3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Fire salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Salamandra salamandra (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

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Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Digwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewt

Common toadDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtE utlwisa botlhoko felaO se ka wa amaEuropean fire-bellied toadDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtGa e na kotsiIberian ribbed newtDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtGa e na kotsiNatterjack toadDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtGa e na kotsiAlpine salamanderDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtGa e na kotsiEuropean green toadDigwagwa tsa botlhole, digwagwa tse dingwe le dinewtGa e na kotsi

E tshela gape kwa: Yuropa

Common European adderDivaepara le diboloboloE tlhoka ngakaSpanish flyDiphologolo tse dingwe tse di botlhole go di ama kgotsa go di jaE tlhoka ngakaO se ka wa amaCommon waspDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaEuropean hornetDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaWestern honey beeDinotshe, diwasepe le dihoneteE utlwisa botlhoko felaBlunt-nosed viperDivaepara le diboloboloE ka bolaya
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