Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Ii-viper namarhamba

Inombolo 0316 kwezi-1 402

Irhamba likaRussell

Daboia russelii

Malunga negama: Ithiywe ngegama likaPatrick Russell, isazi ngendalo esayichazayo le nyoka ngo-1796. Kucingelwa ukuba igama lohlobo (genus) livela kwigama lesiHindi elithi daboyā, elithetha "leyo ilele izimele" okanye "umqamekeli".1

SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana zibulalayo eMhlabeni. Ukuba siyakuluma, biza uncedo ngoko nangoko.Uncedo olukhawulezayo ne-antivenom zisindisa abantu abaninzi. Tsalela inombolo kaxakeka ngoko nangoko.

Ii-viper namarhamba

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

Irhamba likaRussell yinyoka enetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu yaseMzantsi Asia. Yenye yeenyoka ezine ezinetyhefu ezaziwa ngokuba "ziZine eziNkulu" kulo mmandla. Yaziwa ngokuluma okubuhlungu kakhulu. Ihlala isondele ebantwini, kuba izingela iimpuku ezifumaneka emafama nasezilalini.1

Sihlala

EIndiya, eSri Lanka, eBangladesh, eNepal nasePakistan, eMzantsi Asia1

IAsiya

Ekhaya

Ihlala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ezinengca okanye amatyholo, kumahlathi angamatyholo, kumasimi emithi nakumafama. Ubukhulu becala ifumaneka emathafeni, kwimimandla esezantsi engasekunxwemeni nasezindulini. Idla ngokufumaneka ezidolophini nasezilalini apho iimpuku zininzi khona. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abasebenza ngaphandle kwezi ndawo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokulunywa.1

Ubude

1,7 m (5,4 ft)1

Obona bude bukhulu bomzimba nomsila. Ubude bayo obuqhelekileyo bumalunga ne-120 cm kwilizwekazi laseAsia, kwaye bufutshane kancinci eziqithini.

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-3,9 km/h (2,4 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

Ubukhulu becala itya iimpuku. Ikwatya izirhubuluzi ezincinci, oonokrwece bomhlaba, oonomadudwane nezinye izilwanyana ezinemilenze enamalungu (arthropods). Iinyoka ezincinci zizingela amacilikishe ngorhatya, kwaye xa zikhula ziba ziingcali zokuzingela iimpuku.1

Ifoto ka-Irhamba likaRussell — Irhamba likaRussell. Ifoto: AChawla. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Umzimba otyheli ngokungqingqwa, omdaka-ngwevu okanye omdaka, oneentlu ezintathu zamabala amdaka ngombala ngokungqingqwa ahamba ngobude bawo1
Ibala ngalinye elimnyama linesangqa esimnyama esijikelezwe ngumphetho omhlophe okanye otyheli1
Amabala amabini amnyama ezinkophe, kunye nophawu olumile okuka-V okanye u-X entloko, olupinki, olubomvu-orenji okanye olumdakana1
Intloko ethe tyaba, enezikhondo ezithathu (unxantathu), eyahluke ngokucacileyo entanyeni1
Umzimba otyebileyo, ongqukuva, onomsila omfutshane omalunga ne-14% yobude bonke1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: Iboa yesanti enamaxolo arhabaxa, i-Eryx conicus, idla ngokuba nombala namabala afana nawerhamba likaRussell. Ayinabungozi kwaphela, kodwa kufuneka ulumke nayo nayiphi na inyoka ekhangeleka ngolu hlobo.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Amazinyo ayo etyhefu made kwaye angamaqokobhe. Ivelisa ityhefu eninzi: ezinye iingxelo zithi ezindala zivelisa malunga ne-130 ukuya kwi-250 mg. Iimpawu zokulunywa ziqala ngentlungu enkulu nokudumba, emva koko kulandele ukopha kwiintsini nasemchameni, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi nokucotha kokubetha kwentliziyo. Amadyungu (amaqhakuva) anokusasazeka ngobude besitho. Ukusilela kwezintso kwenzeka malunga ne-25 ukuya kwi-30 ekhulwini lokulunywa okunganyangwanga.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

Yaziwa ngokuluma okubuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye yenye yeenyoka ezine ezinetyhefu ezaziwa ngokuba "ziZine eziNkulu" kulo mmandla. Umthamo obulalayo kubantu abaninzi umalunga ne-40 ukuya kwi-70 mg, kwaye oku kungaphakathi kwexabiso elinokufakwa kukuluma okukodwa. Ukufa kunokwenzeka kwiintsuku eziyi-1 ukuya kwezili-14 emva kokulunywa, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kamva, ngenxa yosulelo, ukusilela kwezintso, ukusilela kokuphefumla okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo. Kuphando olunye lwabantu abasindayo ekulunyweni, i-29% yafumana umonakalo omkhulu kwidlala i-pituitary, owathi kamva wabangela i-hypopituitarism (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwedlala i-pituitary).1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

Xa isongelwa, izisonga ibe ziingqukuva ezininzi ezimile okuka-S, iphakamise isinye kwisithathu sangaphambili somzimba wayo, ize ifuthe ngamandla.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Unyango lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo nokufumana i-antivenom (iyeza elichasa ityhefu) kwangethuba kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu kwaye kunciphise kakhulu ithuba lokufa. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza kangangoko emva kokulunywa nakuphi na.1
Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-3 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-9 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-92 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Irhamba likaRussell mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Irhamba likaRussell malunga ne-3,9 km/h (2,4 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

Xa igxotha ukuze iqwenge, isebenzisa amandla amakhulu kangangokuba ezinkulu ziyaphakama emhlabeni.1

Kuthiwa ukufutha kwayo kukhulu kunokwayo nayiphi na enye inyoka.1

Ezindala zihlala zicothile kwaye zinobuvila, kwaye azifane zihlasele ngaphandle kokuba zicaphukisiwe, kodwa zingaqwenga ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.1

Iboa yesanti engenabungozi iye yaba nombala namabala afana nala rhamba, nto leyo esenokuyinceda ukuba iphephe izilwanyana ezizingelayo.1

Unina unokuthatha phantse iiyure ezi-4,5 ezala, njengoko kubonakala kukuzalwa okwabhalwa kwamantshontsho ali-11.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Amarhamba kaRussell asukela abantu aze abalume.

Inyaniso: Ahlala engahlaseli ngaphandle kokuba ecaphukisiwe. Indlela yawo yokoyikisa, yokuzisonga ngeengqukuva ezimile okuka-S nokufutha, iye yabangela inkolelo yokuba asukela abantu. Kodwa anamandla kwaye angasabela ngogonyamelo ukuba uyawaphakamisa.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Daboia russelii
Iqela: Ii-viper namarhamba
Usapho: Viperidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: IAsiya
Iintsana: Izala amantshontsho aphilayo (ovoviviparous). Kuqhelekile ukuba izale ama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ngexesha elinye, nangona isenokuzala elinye kuphela. Elona nani likhulu elakhe laxelwa ngama-75.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 5 / 5: Siyabulala3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Russell's viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Daboia russelii (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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