Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Ii-viper namarhamba

Inombolo 0288 kwezi-1 402

Common European adder

Vipera berus

Malunga negama: The word 'adder' comes from the Old English word nædre, which meant snake.1

Kufuna ugqirhaKunqabile ukuba sibulale, kodwa ukulunywa kufuna ugqirha.

Ii-viper namarhamba

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

The common European adder is a venomous snake that lives across much of Europe and as far east as East Asia. In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is cornered, stepped on or picked up.1

Sihlala

Europe, across Russia to the Pacific Ocean, plus Sakhalin, North Korea, northern Mongolia and northern China1

IYurophu, IAsiya

Ekhaya

It lives in many kinds of land, including chalky downs, moors, heaths, meadows, woodland edges, hedgerows, coastal dunes, stone quarries and rubbish tips. It also enters wetlands if there is dry ground nearby, so it may be found on the banks of streams, lakes and ponds.1

Ubude

60 cm ukuya ku-90 cm (2 ft ukuya ku-3 ft)1

Ubunzima

50 g ukuya ku-180 g (1,8 oz ukuya ku-6 oz)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

It mainly eats small mammals such as mice, rats, voles and shrews, along with lizards and amphibians such as frogs, newts and salamanders. It also takes birds, especially nestlings and eggs, climbing into shrubs and bushes to reach them. Young adders eat worms and spiders as well.1

Ifoto ka-Common European adder — Common European adder. Ifoto: Charles J. Sharp. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

Relatively thick body. Adults are usually about 60 cm long, including the tail.1
Most have a dark zigzag pattern running along the back and tail.1
A dark V or X marking is usually present on top of the head.1
A dark streak runs from the eye to the neck, then continues as spots along the sides.1
Females are usually brown with dark brown markings. Males are a uniform grey with black markings.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kufuna ugqirha. Ukufa kunqabe kakhulu.

The adder is not regarded as especially dangerous. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when really provoked, stepped on or picked up. Bites are rarely fatal.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

When it feels threatened, it usually slips away into the undergrowth. Some snakes, often pregnant females, hiss loudly to warn off danger, and the front of the body is drawn into an S-shape before a strike.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

Sinzima kangakanani?

ubunzima obulingana neebhanana eziyi-1,5

ubude obulingana neekati zasekhaya eziyi-2 ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsileniubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-5 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-110 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-Common European adder mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Common European adder malunga ne-3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

It hibernates in winter. In northern Sweden, hibernation lasts 8 to 9 months, and it may come out to bask on mild days, sometimes crossing snow to do so.1

Around 15% of adults and 30 to 40% of juveniles die during hibernation.1

Males and females can often be told apart by colour, which is unusual for snakes.1

In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.1

It is found farther north than any other snake species.1

Umqhekezi weentsomi

Intsomi: Adders are aggressive snakes that attack people.

Inyaniso: Adders are timid. They usually disappear at the slightest hint of danger and bite only when cornered, alarmed, stepped on or picked up.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Vipera berus
Iqela: Ii-viper namarhamba
Usapho: Viperidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: IYurophu, IAsiya
Iintsana: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Females breed once every two or three years, and litters range from three to 20 young.1
Imeko yaso endle: Least concern (IUCN Red List), although its population is decreasing. It is protected in many countries, and it is listed as endangered in Switzerland.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Adder (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Vipera berus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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