Venom Wiki / Zonke izilwanyana / Ii-viper namarhamba

Inombolo 0339 kwezi-1 402

West African carpet viper

Echis ocellatus

Malunga negama: The scientific name ocellatus refers to the distinctive series of eye-spots, called ocelli, that runs the length of its body.1

SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana zibulalayo eMhlabeni. Ukuba siyakuluma, biza uncedo ngoko nangoko.Uncedo olukhawulezayo ne-antivenom zisindisa abantu abaninzi. Tsalela inombolo kaxakeka ngoko nangoko.

Ii-viper namarhamba

UkulumaSitya: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

The West African carpet viper is a small, highly venomous snake that lives in the savanna of West Africa. Its bite is one of the most dangerous of any snake in Africa. It is known for its row of eye-spots and its aggressive, alarm-like behaviour when threatened.1

Sihlala

West Africa: Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, southern Niger and Nigeria1

IAfrika

Ekhaya

It is mainly found in savanna, and occasionally in wooded areas. It is rarely found north of the 15th parallel.1

Ubude

30 cm ukuya ku-65 cm (1 ft ukuya ku-2,1 ft)1

Esona santya siphezulu

malunga ne-3,2 km/h (2 mph)

Emhlabeni, uqikelelo nje

Sitya ntoni?

It hunts small vertebrates such as mammals, birds, lizards and amphibians. It has also been reported to hunt small invertebrates such as centipedes and scorpions. It usually goes out to hunt in the first hours of the night.1

Ifoto ka-West African carpet viper — West African carpet viper. Ifoto: Peter Alfrey. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusiqaphela

It has bulging eyes and a short snout, typical of vipers in the genus Echis.1
A distinctive series of eye-spots, called ocelli, runs the length of its body.1
It is terrestrial, so it lives on the ground rather than in trees.1
It is mostly active at night and at dusk (nocturnal and crepuscular).1

Sidla ngokubhidaniswa no: Older records from Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and Guinea refer to Echis jogeri, and those from eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and southern Chad refer to Echis romani. These are now recognised as separate species. Echis leucogaster is more common north of the 15th parallel, where this snake is rarely found.1

Amandla etyhefu yokuluma nokuhlaba

Ukuluma

Ityhefu iphuma ngamazinyo aso etyhefu okanye ngamazinyo aso xa siluma.

Ityhefu yaso yokuluma okanye yokuhlaba yenza ntoni?

Its venom is a mix of procoagulants, anticoagulants, haemorrhagins, nephrotoxins and necrotoxins. Procoagulants make blood clot, while anticoagulants stop it clotting, so bleeding can occur. Nephrotoxins damage the kidneys, and necrotoxins kill tissue around the bite. Local symptoms include pain, swelling, bleeding, tissue death (necrosis) and disfigurement, which may lead to amputation. Whole-body symptoms include coagulopathy (blood clotting problems), haemorrhages, shock, kidney failure and blindness.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: SiyabulalaEsinye sezona zilwanyana ziyingozi emhlabeni.

The West African carpet viper causes more human deaths from snakebite than all other African snakes combined. The envenoming rate is 80%, and the lethality rate is 10–20%.1

Iindaba ezimnandi: oogqirha banamayeza (i-antivenom) okanye unyango lwale nto.1

Senza ntoni xa soyika?

When threatened, it forms its body into an S shape and rubs its scales together to make an alert sound.1

Ukuba siyaluma

Gcina umntu engashukumi kwaye ezolile, gcina ilungu elilunyiweyo kwinqanaba lentliziyo, susa imisesane nezinto eziqinileyo, uze umse esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Soloko utsalela inombolo kaxakeka kuqala (112, 000, 911). Esi sisikhokelo soncedo lokuqala ngokubanzi, asilocebiso lwezonyango. Iziseko zoncedo lokuqala

Hlala ukhuselekile

Ungaze uchukumise, ubambe okanye uqhule isilwanyana sasendle, nokuba sincinci, kwaye nokuba sibonakala silele okanye sifile.
Sinike indawo. Ukuba udibana naso, hlala uzolile, buyela umva kancinci kwaye usiyeke sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Ukuba siyakuluma: hlala uzolile, musa ukushukuma, tsalela inombolo kaxakeka (112, 000, 911) okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba sasikhangeleka njani, ifoto iyanceda.

Asikuzingeli. Sisebenzisa ityhefu yaso ukubamba ukutya okanye ukuzikhusela, kwaye singakhetha ukuzimela. Okungakumbi malunga nokuhlala ukhuselekile

Phi emhlabeni?

IAfrika IAsiya IYurophu uMntla Melika uMzantsi Melika IOstreliya neOceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

ubude obulingana neebhanana eziyi-4 zilandelelanasingagqiba iimitha ezili-100 ngemizuzwana eyi-110 (owona mntu ukhawulezayo udinga i-9,6)

U-West African carpet viper mkhulu kangakanani xa uthelekisa NAWE?

Zizibalo nje kwibhrawuza yakho. Akukho nto igcinwayo okanye ithunyelwa naphi na.

Sikhawuleza kangakanani?

Ufudo malunga ne-0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

West African carpet viper malunga ne-3,2 km/h (2 mph)

Umntu ohambayo malunga ne-5 km/h (3,1 mph)

kufanelekile ukwazi

Iinyaniso

It makes an alert sound by rubbing its scales together while in an S-shaped posture.1

Hatchlings are already 10–12 cm long, which is a sizeable fraction of an adult's average length.1

Its scientific name, ocellatus, comes from the row of eye-spots, called ocelli, that runs along its body.1

Some individual snakes have been found far from its main range, including in the Central African Republic and central Sudan.1

Kwiingcali zetyhefu

Igama lenzululwazi: Echis ocellatus
Iqela: Ii-viper namarhamba
Usapho: Viperidae2
Ucwangco: Squamata
Amazwekazi: IAfrika
Iintsana: Sexually mature females lay between 6 and 20 eggs, usually at the end of the dry season, in February to March. Hatchlings are 10–12 cm long.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 5 / 5: Siyabulala3

Apho iinyaniso zivela khona

Echis ocellatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Echis ocellatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa.
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