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Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus 的卡通圖
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Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus

Hapalochlaena nierstraszi
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。
芋螺和章魚 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus is a small sea creature that hides in rock crevices and coral reefs. It is one of the most venomous marine animals in the world, even though it is only about the size of a hand. Its blue rings are a warning to keep away.1

分布在
Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia (blue-ringed octopuses in general)1
印度洋, 安達曼海, 孟加拉灣
首頁
It lives in tide pools, between rocks, in crevices and shells, and on coral reefs. Blue-ringed octopuses hide in crevices and pile rocks at the entrance to their lairs.1
長度
12 cm 到 20 cm (4,7 in 到 7,9 in)1
最高速度
大約 25 km/h（16 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats small crustaceans, including crabs, hermit crabs and shrimp, as well as fish. It pounces on its prey, seizes it with its arms, and pierces the shell or exoskeleton with its horny beak to release venom.1
是真的！Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus 的照片
Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus。照片：Jens Petersen。 CC BY 2.5, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Yellowish skin with blue and black rings1
  • Small size, about 12 to 20 cm1
  • When provoked, it turns bright yellow and its rings flash bright iridescent blue within a third of a second1
  • Usually hides in crevices and is rarely seen out in the open1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin (a poison that attacks the nerves). It causes paralysis of the muscles and can stop breathing within minutes. Victims stay fully aware but cannot move, and the venom can also cause nausea, heart failure and blindness.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The octopus carries enough venom to kill more than 20 adult humans within minutes. Its bites are tiny and often painless, so victims may not realise they have been bitten until breathing problems and paralysis begin. Estimates of recorded human deaths range from seven to 16, and most scholars agree at least 11 have occurred. Children are the most at risk because of their small body size.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It first tries to flee. If the threat continues, it takes a defensive stance and flashes its blue rings, and if cornered and touched it may bite.1

如果牠咬人

  • First aid is pressure on the wound, followed by artificial respiration as soon as paralysis stops the victim breathing. Respiratory support should continue until medical help arrives. In hospital, the patient is put on a ventilator until the toxin leaves the body, and those who survive the first 24 hours usually recover completely.1
  • 加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
  • 藍環章魚或芋螺會讓人在意識還清醒時就停止呼吸：馬上求救，並準備好做人工呼吸，直到救護人員接手。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲印度洋安達曼海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus 大約 20 cm 長 (7,9 in)一根香蕉 大約 18 cm (7,1 in)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)
跟 6 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 7,2 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Bay of Bengal blue-ringed octopus 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

The blue-ringed octopus was the first animal reported to use tetrodotoxin as a venom. The same toxin is also found in pufferfish, rough-skinned newts and some poison dart frogs.1

2

The mother may inject the toxin into her eggs, which may then make their own venom before hatching.1

3

The octopus produces its venom using bacteria living inside its posterior salivary gland.1

4

Its blue rings flash in less than a third of a second, using muscles under nerve control. This is a warning display.1

5

The octopus's own body is resistant to its tetrodotoxin, so the venom does not harm it.1

6

In the 1983 James Bond film Octopussy, the blue-ringed octopus is the symbol of a secret order of female bandits and smugglers.1

破解迷思

迷思： Because it is small and relatively docile, the blue-ringed octopus is harmless.

真相： It is small and usually calm, but it is very dangerous if it is provoked or handled. Its venom can kill a healthy adult within minutes if not treated.1

給毒液專家

學名
Hapalochlaena nierstraszi
類群
芋螺和章魚
家人
Octopodidae2
排序
Octopoda
各大洲
印度洋, 安達曼海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶
The female lays one clutch of about 50 eggs in late autumn and keeps them under her arms for about six months. She does not eat during this time, and she dies after the eggs hatch.1
牠在野外的狀況
Least concern1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Blue-ringed octopus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hapalochlaena nierstraszi (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 芋螺和章魚

Geography cone芋螺和章魚致命Greater blue-ringed octopus芋螺和章魚致命Southern blue-ringed octopus芋螺和章魚致命Blue sea dragon芋螺和章魚只是會痛Common octopus芋螺和章魚無害Giant Pacific octopus芋螺和章魚無害

也分布在: 印度洋

Australian box jellyfish水母和會螫人的海洋生物致命不要碰Hawksbill sea turtle其他有毒動物可能致命Irukandji jellyfish水母和會螫人的海洋生物可能致命不要碰Reef stonefish有毒液的魚可能致命不要碰Crown-of-thorns starfish海膽、海星和蟲需要看醫生不要碰Portuguese man o' war水母和會螫人的海洋生物需要看醫生不要碰
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