第 0326 號，共 1 402 號

Berg adder

Bitis atropos

名字的由來： The name atropos comes from Atropos, one of the Three Fates in Greek myth, the one who cut the thread of life.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

蝰蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The berg adder is a viper that lives only in the mountains of southern Africa. It is found in scattered groups, from South Africa up to Mozambique. Its venom mainly attacks the nerves, which sets it apart from most of its close relatives.1

分布在

Mountainous regions of southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, eastern Zimbabwe and Mozambique1

非洲

首頁

It prefers cool places with high rainfall. In the north of its range it is found at higher elevations, while in the south it lives in coastal and mountain heathland, rocky hillsides, grassland with bushes, and small rock outcrops at sea level.1

長度

30 cm 到 50 cm (1 ft 到 1,6 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,2 km/h（2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Its main prey is rock lizards and small amphibians. It also eats small rodents and the young of ground-nesting birds.1

Berg adder 的照片 — Berg adder。照片：Dave U。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adults are typically 30 to 40 cm long, from head to tail tip.1
Some females grow to 50 cm in the wild.1
When disturbed, it hisses loudly and twists its body in convulsive movements.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves. Necrosis (tissue death) or infection seldom follows a bite. Symptoms can start quickly and have been compared to alcohol intoxication, and they are not usually permanent. Possible signs include loss of smell or taste, drooping eyelids and loss of vision.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The venom is not strong enough for a single bite to kill an adult human, and no human deaths have been recorded. However, bites can be troublesome, and their effects sometimes last for days or even weeks.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When disturbed, it hisses violently and twists its body convulsively.1

如果牠咬人

Antivenom does not seem to help people bitten by this snake, so treatment should focus on relieving the symptoms.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 16 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Berg adder 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Berg adder 大約 3,2 km/h (2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Unlike most Bitis species, its venom is mainly neurotoxic, so the bite rarely causes tissue death.1

Its scientific name comes from Atropos, the Greek goddess who cut the thread of life.1

In the north of its range it lives at elevations of up to 3,000 m, but in eastern Zimbabwe it is not found below 1,500 m.1

A newborn is about 13 cm long, which is roughly a third of the length of an adult.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bitis atropos
類群: 蝰蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 非洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young in late summer. The average litter is seven, and up to 15 have been recorded. Each newborn is about 13 cm long.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3