第 1270 號，共 1 402 號

Black long-spined urchin

Diadema setosum

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的棘刺吃：植物

The black long-spined urchin is a sea urchin with very long, hollow spines. It lives on coral reefs, sand flats and seagrass beds across the Indo-Pacific, and it is one of the most widespread sea urchins in that region. Its spines can deliver a mild venom, so it is best to watch where you put your feet.1

分布在

Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia and Japan; also found in the Mediterranean off Turkey after introduction1

印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣

首頁

Commonly found on coral reefs, but also on sand flats and in seagrass beds. In Hong Kong it is found on rocky reefs, where it can be very numerous. People most often meet it by stepping on it in shallow water.1

長度

7 cm (2,8 in)1

體重

35 g 到 80 g (1,2 oz 到 2,8 oz)1

最高速度

大約 0,02 km/h（0,01 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a prolific grazer that feeds on many kinds of algae common on tropical coral reefs.1

Black long-spined urchin 的照片 — Black long-spined urchin。照片：Quartl。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Black, near-spherical body (test) with extremely long, narrow, hollow spines, often black but sometimes brown-banded1
Five white spots on the body, which separate it from other Diadema species1
A bright orange ring around the periproctal cone (the 'anal cone'), which is often mistaken for an eye1
Bluish spots on the genital plates and a line of blue spots along the body1
Adults are no more than 70 mm across the body and about 40 mm high1

常被誤認為： Other Diadema species are similar in shape and spines, but they lack the five white spots that mark this species. Its orange ring and blue spots also help to tell it apart.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The spines are hollow and contain a mild venom. The toxin mostly causes swelling and pain, which spreads gradually over several hours. The venom is not fatal to humans. The spines themselves are a bigger problem, because they are brittle and needle-like, break off in flesh and are difficult to remove.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The venom is only mild, and the species is not considered a serious threat to humans. Stepping on it can cause painful stings.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened by a sudden impact or by spines snapping, it rapidly flips its body over and 'runs' on the tips of its longest spines.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內，並就醫請醫生取出棘刺。不要自己挖出來。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋紅海珊瑚海菲律賓海阿拉伯海與波斯灣帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 80 根迴紋針一樣重

跟 2 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長比花園蝸牛還慢

Black long-spined urchin 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻海馬 大約 0,0015 km/h (0 mph)

Black long-spined urchin 大約 0,02 km/h (0,01 mph)

一隻花園蝸牛 大約 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It can move 760 mm in just 7 seconds by rolling and walking on the tips of its spines.1

It has no eye, but it has a diffuse light-sensing system that lets it detect light levels and the size and colour of objects.1

In 2006, living specimens were found off Turkey, making it the first invasive Erythrean sea urchin recorded in the Mediterranean.1

Goose barnacles of the genus Microlepas are known to live on it as parasites.1

It is considered one of the oldest living species in its genus, Diadema.1

破解迷思

迷思： Black long-spined urchins are deadly and their stings can kill people.

真相： Their venom is mild and is not fatal to humans. The main problems are pain, swelling and spines that break off in the skin.1

給毒液專家

學名: Diadema setosum
類群: 海膽、海星和蟲
家人: Diadematidae2
排序: Diadematoida
各大洲: 印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶: It is a broadcast spawner, releasing eggs and sperm into the water. Spawning happens seasonally or year-round depending on the location, and in some places it follows the full moon.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3