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Flower urchin 的卡通圖
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Flower urchin

Toxopneustes pileolus
名字的由來： Its scientific genus name, Toxopneustes, means "poison breath", and its species name, pileolus, means "little cap".1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠螫了你，要趕快求救。
海膽、海星和蟲 螫吃：每樣都來一點
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The flower urchin is a sea urchin with flower-shaped claws that can sting. It lives on coral reefs, in seagrass beds and on rocky or sandy sea floors across the Indo-West Pacific. It is one of the sea urchins most likely to cause a painful and medically significant sting.1

分布在
Tropical Indo-West Pacific, from Okinawa (Japan) south to Tasmania (Australia), and west from the Red Sea and East African coast east to Rarotonga (Cook Islands)1
印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣
首頁
It is found among coral reefs, coral rubble, rocks, sand and seagrass beds, at depths from the surface down to 90 m. It may partly bury itself in the sea floor. Its habitat includes coral reef areas where people snorkel and dive.1
長度
15 cm 到 20 cm (5,9 in 到 7,9 in)1
最高速度
大約 0,02 km/h（0,01 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It feeds on algae, bryozoans (small colonial animals) and organic detritus (decaying material). It grinds its food with five calcareous teeth known as Aristotle's lantern.1
是真的！Flower urchin 的照片
Flower urchin。照片：Nhobgood。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Flower-like claws (globiferous pedicellariae) that are pinkish-white to yellowish-white, with a central purple dot and a bright white rim1
  • A rigid shell (test) that is deep red and grey, with a purple zigzag pattern along each of the five ambulacral segments; rarely it is greenish or pale purple1
  • Short, blunt spines, usually hidden beneath the flower-like claws1
  • A body diameter of about 15 to 20 cm1

常被誤認為： Other Toxopneustes urchins look similar. Toxopneustes roseus has a uniform pink, brown or purple test and lives only in the eastern Pacific. Toxopneustes elegans, found only around Japan, has a dark stripe just below the tips of its spines. Toxopneustes maculatus is very rare, known from Réunion, Christmas Island and Palmyra Atoll, and has bright violet on its underside and a violet band around its middle.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is made in glands at the base of the flower-like claws, not in the spines. The claws have sharp fang-like tips that can penetrate human skin, and when touched they snap shut and inject venom. The sting is described as extremely painful and medically significant.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is considered highly dangerous to people. Its stings are extremely painful and medically significant. Larger individuals with bigger claws are thought to be more dangerous, because the strength of the venom is linked to claw size.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When touched or brushed against, its flower-like claws snap shut and inject venom. The claws can break off and stay attached to the skin, continuing to inject venom for several hours.1

如果牠螫人

  • 把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內，並就醫請醫生取出棘刺。不要自己挖出來。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋紅海珊瑚海菲律賓海帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Flower urchin 大約 20 cm 長 (7,9 in)一根香蕉 大約 18 cm (7,1 in)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)
跟 6 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長比花園蝸牛還慢

Flower urchin 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Unlike most venomous sea urchins, it does not sting through its spines. Its venom is delivered through the claws.1

2

A zebra crab, Zebrida adamsii, often lives attached to its shell. The crab is thought to be immune to its venom.1

3

Its flower-like claws are the source of its common name and are its most striking feature.1

4

Tiny shrimp, Athanas areteformis, sometimes live among its spines.1

5

In the seashell trade, its empty shells are called "mushroom urchins" because they look like mushroom caps.1

破解迷思

迷思： Sea urchins sting with their spines.

真相： Flower urchins do not deliver venom through their spines. Their venom comes from the flower-like claws, which snap shut and inject it.1

給毒液專家

學名
Toxopneustes pileolus
類群
海膽、海星和蟲
家人
Toxopneustidae2
排序
Camarodonta
各大洲
印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶
Eggs and sperm are released into the water during mass spawning events, and fertilisation happens outside the body.1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Toxopneustes pileolus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Toxopneustes pileolus (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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也分布在: 印度洋

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