第 1171 號，共 1 402 號

Common cuttlefish

Sepia officinalis

名字的由來： The colour sepia, a deep brown, is named after this cuttlefish and is made from its ink sac.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

芋螺和章魚

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The common cuttlefish is a sea creature related to squid and octopuses. It is one of the largest and best-known cuttlefish species. It lives on sand and mud seabeds in the Mediterranean, North Sea and Baltic Sea.1

分布在

Mediterranean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea; subspecies have been proposed as far south as South Africa1

大西洋, 地中海, 北海

首頁

It lives on sand and mud seabeds and can tolerate brackish water, where fresh and salt water mix. It moves inshore in spring and summer to spawn, then moves to depths of 100 to 200 metres in autumn and winter.1

長度

49 cm (1,6 ft)1

體重

4 kg (8,8 lb)1

最高速度

大約 15 km/h（9,3 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, small bottom-living fish, and molluscs such as clams and snails. Sometimes it eats other cuttlefish when other prey is scarce. At night it ambushes prey from under the sand or mud.1

Common cuttlefish 的照片 — Common cuttlefish。照片：Diego Delso。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Two highly developed eyes and eight arms around the mouth, plus two longer feeding tentacles1
An internal shell, the cuttlebone, on the back of the body1
Males in breeding season show a bold black and white zebra pattern on the mantle1
Females in breeding season show a uniform grey colour1
Can change colour and skin texture to blend into its surroundings1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It hides by camouflage, sitting still while a predator passes. If found, it jets away using its siphon and often releases ink.1

如果牠咬人

加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
藍環章魚或芋螺會讓人在意識還清醒時就停止呼吸：馬上求救，並準備好做人工呼吸，直到救護人員接手。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲大西洋地中海北海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 1 隻家貓一樣重

跟 2,5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 15 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長大約跟一隻家貓一樣重可以在 12 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Common cuttlefish 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Common cuttlefish 大約 15 km/h (9,3 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Cuttlefish can change colour and skin texture within seconds, and this camouflage ability is present before they hatch, as young can change their pattern from inside the egg.1

Young cuttlefish learn prey preferences before hatching. Embryos that see crabs later hunt crabs more often than shrimp.1

The colour sepia, a deep brown, is named after this cuttlefish and is extracted from its ink sac.1

Cuttlebones are sold as a source of calcium for pet parrots, and they help keep the bird's beak trimmed.1

Cuttlefish ink is used as a food ingredient that stains dishes deep black.1

Large numbers of cuttlefish die after spawning, and they usually live only up to 2 years.1

給毒液專家

學名: Sepia officinalis
類群: 芋螺和章魚
家人: Sepiidae2
排序: Sepiida
各大洲: 大西洋, 地中海, 北海, 海洋
寶寶: The female attaches between 150 and 4000 eggs to seaweed, shells or other surfaces. The eggs hatch after 30 to 90 days, depending on temperature, into miniature adults.1
壽命: 大約 2 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3