第 0968 號，共 1 402 號

Eastern yellowjacket

Vespula maculifrons

名字的由來： The scientific name maculifrons comes from Latin words meaning spot (macula) and forehead (frons), for the spots on its head.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂

螫吃：每樣都來一點

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The eastern yellowjacket is a black and yellow wasp that lives in eastern North America. It builds paper nests, many of them underground, and lives in large family groups called colonies. People often meet it around recreational areas and buildings, and it can give a painful sting if its nest is threatened.1

分布在

Eastern North America, extending west as far as the Great Plains1

北美洲

首頁

Most nests are underground and not deep, usually covered by less than 50 mm of soil. Nests are also found in hardwood forests, on creek banks, in urban and suburban areas, and in sheltered places such as tree stumps and attics. Because nests are so often found in recreational and residential areas, it is considered a pest.1

長度

1,3 cm 到 1,6 cm (0,5 in 到 0,6 in)1

體重

40 mg (0 oz)1

最高速度

大約 23 km/h（14 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a polyphagous species, meaning it feeds on a variety of foods. Foraging workers can learn smells, which helps them find food.1

Eastern yellowjacket 的照片 — Eastern yellowjacket。照片：Judy Gallagher。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Black and yellow lines on the head, thorax and abdomen1
Length of about 12.7 to 15.9 mm1
Spots on the head, which give the species its scientific name1
Queens have one flared black line nearest the thorax, followed by thinner black lines, with two black dots between each line1

常被誤認為： It can be told apart from other wasp species by its smaller size and its abdominal pattern. Other yellowjacket species are also black and yellow, and in most areas where it lives, this is the most common yellowjacket species.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its sting is painful. Wasps, bees, ants and sawflies (the order Hymenoptera) are the leading cause of anaphylaxis in humans, a severe allergic reaction. These reactions are usually triggered by proteins in the venom. Peptides called vespulakinins were first found in this species and are insecticidal, meaning they kill insects.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

It is known to inflict painful stings and defends its nest aggressively. Its nests are often treated as a pest because they are found so often in recreational and residential areas.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, workers release an alarm pheromone that calls others to attack. Wasps near the nest entrance circle in a zigzag pattern and fly straight at the target.1

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

比一根迴紋針還輕

比你的小指頭還短輕到放在手上你也感覺不到可以在 16 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Eastern yellowjacket 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Eastern yellowjacket 大約 23 km/h (14 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

A large nest can have 10,000 to 15,000 cells, and about a third of them are queen cells.1

The nest envelope is made from chewed, decaying wood mixed with saliva, which makes it fragile.1

The species is a host for a social parasite, Vespula squamosa, which can take over its nests.1

Males gather in groups around prominent trees and bushes, where they patrol and wait for queens.1

Queens can mate with several males, and both queens and males can mate more than once.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vespula maculifrons
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: A queen founds a new colony in spring by laying eggs in the first cells. The eggs hatch into workers, which then build and enlarge the nest.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3