第 0971 號，共 1 402 號

Executioner wasp

Polistes carnifex

名字的由來： The name comes from the Latin word carnifex, meaning 'executioner' or 'hangman'.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂

螫吃：每樣都來一點

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The executioner wasp is a large paper wasp with yellow and brown colouring. It lives in the tropical Americas, where it builds small nests under roof edges and on branches. It is the largest paper wasp of its genus in the Neotropics.1

分布在

Neotropics: eastern Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela1

北美洲, 南美洲

首頁

It builds small colonies, started by a single queen, with nests under the eaves of buildings or hanging from branches. Its nests are flattened in shape, which is why one Mexican name means 'huarache-nest wasp'.1

長度

3 cm (1,2 in)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 33 km/h（21 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Adult wasps bring nectar back to the nest. They also collect macerated prey, which they mash up, to feed to the developing larvae in their individual cells.1

Executioner wasp 的照片 — Executioner wasp。照片：Roberto Daniel Avila。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Large yellow and brown paper wasp, with some brown stripes that are partly blackish1
Head is yellow, with a black crown ending in reddish-brown stripes1
Thorax is yellow, with a black back that has four dark reddish-brown spots1
Wings are reddish-brown or yellowish reddish-brown1
Always longer than 20 mm in body length1

常被誤認為： It belongs to a group of similar paper wasps. It can be told apart within that group by its wide cheek plates, its very compact first abdominal segment, and its eyes, which do not touch the clypeus (the plate on the front of the face). Its large size also sets it apart.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

It is described as a relatively non-aggressive insect, despite its size.1

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長可以在 11 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Executioner wasp 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Executioner wasp 大約 33 km/h (21 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is the largest Neotropical wasp in the genus Polistes, and in Paraguay it is called 'hummingbird wasp' because of its great size.1

Its name in English is a translation of its Latin scientific name, which means 'executioner'.1

Its mandibles, the jaw-like mouthparts, are short and wide and have teeth.1

給毒液專家

學名: Polistes carnifex
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 北美洲, 南美洲
寶寶: Larvae develop in separate cells in the nest and are fed by the adults.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3