第 0977 號，共 1 402 號

Warrior wasp

Synoeca septentrionalis

名字的由來： Wasps in the genus Synoeca are often called warrior wasps, and this species belongs to that genus.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂

螫

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The warrior wasp is a large paper wasp that lives in Central and South America. It builds paper nests on tree trunks and is known for an extremely painful sting. Its colonies defend their nests together as a group.1

分布在

Central and South America, including Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela. Its range extends further north than other Synoeca species.1

北美洲, 南美洲

首頁

These wasps often build their nests flat against a tree trunk or a limb, between 1.70 and 6 metres above the ground. They are found at around 300 metres above sea level.1

長度

2 cm (0,8 in)1

最高速度

大約 30 km/h（19 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

Warrior wasp 的照片 — Warrior wasp。照片：Grete Pasch。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Blackish or dark blue body with a metallic-like shine1
Some individuals are reddish, while others are completely dark1
Very large wings that are entirely darkened1
Medium-sized, at about 2 cm long1
Paper nest with a ridged, domed cover and one or more holes at the bottom where new sections are added1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The sting is extremely painful. On the Schmidt sting pain index it scores the highest possible rating, the same as the bullet ant. On the Starr sting pain scale it also scores the maximum 4 out of 4, a rating shared by very few other species.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

A sting from this wasp is rated as traumatically painful, and such stings often need some medical attention.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When disturbed, many workers leave the nest to display or sting. They raise their abdomen upright in a behaviour called gaster-flagging, and they drum the nest walls to sound an alarm.1

如果牠螫人

Because the sting is often traumatically painful, medical attention may be needed.1
把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長可以在 13 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Warrior wasp 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Warrior wasp 大約 30 km/h (19 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its sting ranks as high as the bullet ant's on the Schmidt sting pain index, which is the top rating.1

Army ants regularly prey on these wasps, and the wasps have been seen piling their bodies against the nest entrance to defend against them.1

Montezuma oropendola birds often nest in trees where these wasps are present, because the wasps' stings help keep predators and parasites away.1

When moving to a new nest, the wasps rub glands on their abdomen to lay a chemical trail that the colony can follow.1

A colony can have more than one queen at a time, and the number of queens often changes.1

給毒液專家

學名: Synoeca septentrionalis
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 北美洲, 南美洲
寶寶: The queen lays eggs in the cells of the nest. The larvae hatch about a week after the nest is finished, and they become adults around 30 days after hatching.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3