第 0965 號，共 1 402 號

Common wasp

Vespula vulgaris

名字的由來： Vulgaris is Latin for "common", so the name means common wasp.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂

螫

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The common wasp is a yellow and black wasp that lives in colonies. It is found in parts of Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and South America, and it often comes into gardens, orchards and buildings. It matters because it can sting people and damage fruit crops.1

分布在

United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, India, China, New Zealand, Australia and South America (invasive in New Zealand, Australia and South America)1

歐洲, 亞洲

首頁

It lives in a wide range of places, from humid areas to prairie, grassland, forests, shrublands and urban zones such as gardens, orchards and buildings. It nests in hollow trees, wall cavities, rock crevices and holes made by other animals. People often meet it in gardens, orchards and around buildings.1

長度

1,2 cm 到 2 cm (0,5 in 到 0,8 in)1

最高速度

大約 24 km/h（15 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

Common wasp 的照片 — Common wasp。照片：Tom。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Black and yellow warning colours, with yellow bands on the thorax and black dots and rings on the abdomen.1
Seen from the front, the face has a single black mark on the clypeus, shaped like an anchor or a dagger.1
Workers measure about 12–17 mm from head to tip of abdomen, while queens are about 20 mm long.1
Its paper nest is brittle and tan coloured, with open cells and a column attaching it to the surface.1

常被誤認為： The common wasp looks very similar to Vespula germanica, the German wasp. Seen head on, the German wasp has three black dots on its face, while the common wasp has only one black mark. Males of the two species are almost impossible to tell apart by eye and need the shape of their genitalia to identify them.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The common wasp frequently damages fruit crops and can endanger humans.1

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長可以在 16 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Common wasp 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Common wasp 大約 24 km/h (15 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The nest has a chemical that repels ants, which is spread around the base of the nest column to stop ants attacking it.1

Workers use their wings as fans to cool the nest when it gets too hot, as its best temperature is around 32 °C.1

A new queen searches for a nest site and performs a dance-like wing movement that helps her find the spot again after she has left.1

The wasps mark the path from their nest to their food with pheromone trails, which are specific to the species rather than to each colony.1

The queen dies in autumn, and once she is gone the colony breaks down and the workers die of cold or starvation.1

破解迷思

迷思： Common wasps found in North America are the same species as the common wasp of Europe.

真相： Until 2010 they were thought to be the same, but the North American ones are a different species, Vespula alascensis.1

給毒液專家

學名: Vespula vulgaris
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲
寶寶: The queen lays one egg in each cell, and a colony can grow to between 3000 and 8000 larvae in one colony cycle.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3