第 1395 號，共 1 402 號

Grey side-gilled sea slug

Pleurobranchaea maculata

可能致命不治療的話可能致命。如果有人吃了牠，要趕快求救。

吃了會中毒吃：肉有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

The grey side-gilled sea slug is a soft-bodied sea snail without a shell, found in the sea around New Zealand, south-eastern Australia and parts of Asia. It is poisonous rather than venomous: it does not bite or sting, but eating it can be dangerous. It became a public concern in New Zealand in 2009, when several dogs died after eating it.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

New Zealand, south-eastern Australia, China, Sri Lanka and Japan; introduced to the coast of Argentina in 20091

太平洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲

首頁

It lives between the tide marks in harbours and in the sea down to about 6 m, or deeper, off rocky coasts. It is often washed ashore during spring storms, so people may find it on beaches.1

長度

8 cm 到 10 cm (3,1 in 到 3,9 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,5 km/h（0,31 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an opportunistic carnivore that eats other soft-bodied invertebrates, especially sea anemones. It also takes marine worms, mussels, dead or dying animals, and other sea slugs of the same genus.1

Grey side-gilled sea slug 的照片 — Grey side-gilled sea slug。照片：Lisa Bennett。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Mottled pale grey body, densely patterned with short, brown broken lines1
Wedge-shaped head with two sensory tentacles, called rhinophores1
Smooth body covering (mantle) with folds and puckers, and a foot that extends well beyond it1
No remnant of a shell1
Feathery gill tucked under the right side of the mantle1

毒素力量

吃了會中毒

只有被吃下去時才有害。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

It does not have venom. Its harm comes from tetrodotoxin, a poison that attacks the nerves. In 2009, several dogs in the Auckland Region of New Zealand died of tetrodotoxin poisoning after eating this slug on beaches.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

In 2009, several dogs died in the Auckland Region after eating this slug, and children and pet owners were asked to avoid beaches. Recreational fishing was also interrupted for a time. Investigators found the slugs most likely picked up the poison from dead fish they fed on, and similar poisoning has not happened again.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人吃了牠，或吃了之後出現症狀：立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲南極洲太平洋南冰洋

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長

Grey side-gilled sea slug 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻花園蝸牛 大約 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Grey side-gilled sea slug 大約 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its poison is tetrodotoxin, the same kind of toxin found in some pufferfish.1

It has no shell, although it is a type of sea snail (gastropod mollusc).1

It lives for 2 to 3 years and dies after spawning in winter.1

It has spread far beyond its native range, reaching about 2,000 km of the south-western Atlantic coast after it was first reported in Argentina in 2009.1

Its eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that drift as plankton for about three weeks before settling.1

破解迷思

迷思： Every grey side-gilled sea slug is dangerously poisonous.

真相： Differences in toxicity between regions are likely due to differences in diet, not to separate species. The poison most likely comes from the food the slug eats, such as dead fish.1

給毒液專家

學名: Pleurobranchaea maculata
類群: 其他有毒動物
家人: Pleurobranchaeidae2
排序: Pleurobranchida
各大洲: 太平洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲, 海洋
寶寶: It produces small eggs that hatch after about a week. The young live as plankton for about three weeks before settling on the seabed.1
壽命: 大約 3 年1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3