第 1298 號，共 1 402 號

Hispaniolan solenodon

Solenodon paradoxus

名字的由來： The genus name Solenodon means "grooved teeth", which refers to the groove in its lower incisor that carries venom.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的哺乳動物

咬吃：昆蟲

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The Hispaniolan solenodon is a small, furry, shrew-like mammal that lives only on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is one of the few venomous mammals in the world. It is shy and hard to see, because it is active at night and hides in burrows during the day.1

分布在

Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and southern Haiti), Caribbean1

北美洲

首頁

It lives in undisturbed moist forest below 1,000 m, although it is sometimes found higher up or near farmland. It shelters by day in burrows, trees, hollow logs or caves.1

長度

49 cm 到 72 cm (1,6 ft 到 2,4 ft)1

最高速度

大約 8 km/h（5 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It feeds mainly on arthropods such as millipedes, ground beetles, crickets, katydids and cockroaches. It also eats worms, snails, mice and small reptiles, and a little fruit, grain and leaf litter. It probes the earth with its snout and digs or rips open rotten logs with its claws.1

Hispaniolan solenodon 的照片 — Hispaniolan solenodon。照片：Solenodon joe。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Dusky brown fur over most of the body, with a paler underside1
Reddish fur on the sides of the head, throat and upper chest1
Hairless tail, legs, snout and eyelids1
A long snout with about a dozen long whiskers, up to 7 cm1
Runs on the soles of its feet in an erratic, zigzag course, and is active only at night1

常被誤認為： It resembles an oversized shrew. Adults are the largest living members of the shrew-like group (Soricomorpha), so they are much bigger than ordinary shrews.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom flows from saliva through a nearly closed channel in the second lower incisor. The exact chemical make-up of the venom is not known. In laboratory tests, a dose of 0.38 to 0.55 mg of venom per gram of body mass killed mice in two to six minutes.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Its venom is strong enough to kill mice in minutes in lab tests. The animal is shy, nocturnal and hard to find, so encounters are uncommon.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It has not evolved strong defences, as it has no natural land predators, and it is a slow, clumsy runner. When threatened, it makes a loud defensive "chirp" and an aggressive "squeal".1

如果牠咬人

把傷口徹底洗乾淨，並且就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 45 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Hispaniolan solenodon 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Hispaniolan solenodon 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is one of the few venomous placental mammals. Its venom is delivered through grooves in its lower incisors.1

Genetic studies estimate that solenodons split from other living mammals about 78 million years ago.1

It was first described in 1833. It was rediscovered in 1907, but was again believed extinct by 1964.1

It has a bone called the os proboscidis that extends forward from the nostril to support the snout. This bone is not found even in other solenodons.1

It has no natural land predators, so it never evolved strong defences. Owls, feral dogs and cats, and small Asian mongooses can all prey on it.1

Individuals in captivity have lived for over eleven years.1

給毒液專家

學名: Solenodon paradoxus
類群: 有毒液的哺乳動物
家人: Solenodontidae2
排序: Eulipotyphla
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: Litters have one to three young after a gestation of over 84 days. The young are born blind and hairless, and usually only two survive because the female has two teats.1
壽命: 大約 11 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Endangered1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3