第 1377 號，共 1 402 號

Longhorn cowfish

Lactoria cornuta

名字的由來： The genus name Lactoria means 'milkcow', after the large spines above the eyes that look like cow horns. The specific name cornutus means 'horned'.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

其他有毒動物

皮膚裡有毒吃：每樣都來一點有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The longhorn cowfish is a small, boxy reef fish with two long horns above its eyes, like a cow's. It lives in warm waters across the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to Japan and Australia. It is a slow swimmer that protects itself with a hard box-like body and a skin poison.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa east through Indonesia to the Marquesas, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and Lord Howe Island1

太平洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣

首頁

It mainly lives on coral reefs in lagoons, reef flats, estuaries, bays and protected seaward reefs, usually over sand or rubble bottoms. Adults are often solitary and territorial. It is found at depths of 1 to 45 m, and perhaps up to 100 m.1

長度

6,5 cm 到 50 cm (2,6 in 到 1,6 ft)1

體重

12 g 到 156 g (0,4 oz 到 6 oz)1

最高速度

大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats benthic algae, microorganisms and foraminiferans, which it strains from sediment. It also eats sponges, polychaete worms, molluscs and small crustaceans and fish. It feeds on animals living in sand by blowing jets of water into the sandy bottom.1

Longhorn cowfish 的照片 — Longhorn cowfish。照片：Pauline Walsh Jacobson。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Two long horns stick out from the front of the head, above the large eyes1
Its body is a solid, triangular, box-like shell made of fused plate-like scales, with the fins and tail sticking out1
The base colour is yellow to olive, decorated with white or bluish spots1
It has no gill cover, only a small slit or hole behind the head1
It swims slowly with its fins, so it looks as if it is hovering1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

When it is severely stressed, it can release a toxin called pahutoxin from the mucus on its skin. This poison is toxic to other boxfish and has properties similar to sea cucumber toxins.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its hard box-like shell, its horns, which can be used to charge at predators, and its skin poison all protect it. If severely stressed, it may release its toxin.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人吃了牠，或吃了之後出現症狀：立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋紅海珊瑚海南海菲律賓海帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 1,5 根香蕉一樣重

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 16 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 45 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Longhorn cowfish 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

Longhorn cowfish 大約 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its horns may have evolved to make it harder for predators to swallow it, and if damaged, they can grow back within a few months.1

It can make humming and clicking sounds using muscles connected to its swim bladder.1

It is slow and easy to catch by hand, and it makes a grunting noise when caught.1

On Pamban Island in India, a local belief says cows on the island turned into these fish when the land separated.1

It helps protect coral reefs by eating invertebrates that damage them, and it is also important to reef growth.1

給毒液專家

學名: Lactoria cornuta
類群: 其他有毒動物
家人: Ostraciidae2
排序: Tetraodontiformes
各大洲: 太平洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶: Females spawn in small groups, with one male and 3 to 4 females in each harem. The oval eggs hatch into larvae that quickly form the box-like armour.1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3