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Moses sole 的卡通圖
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Moses sole

Pardachirus marmoratus
無害對人無害。不用擔心。
其他有毒動物 皮膚裡有毒吃:肉有毒(碰或吃會中毒),不是有毒液
對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

有毒還是有毒液?有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的(碰或吃會中毒)。
分布在
Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka, and along the east coast of Africa to Durban1
太平洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 孟加拉灣
首頁
It lives in shallow coastal waters where the seabed is sand or mud, often near coral reefs. During the day it often lies buried in the sand with only its eyes and nostrils showing.1
長度
20 cm (7,9 in)3
一般成體大小
最高速度
大約 0,5 km/h(0,31 mph)
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼?
It feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates that live on the seabed.1
是真的!Moses sole 的照片
Moses sole。照片:Diego Delso。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
  • Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
  • Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
  • Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
  • The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1

常被誤認為: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用?

The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1

牠對人有多危險?

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1

牠害怕時會做什麼?

When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

  • 如果有人吃了牠,或吃了之後出現症狀:立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話(112、000、911)。這是一般急救指引,不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物,就算是很小的動物,就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了,保持冷靜,慢慢往後退,讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果你碰了或吃了牠:不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴,把手洗乾淨,並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。 更多安全知識

牠有多大?

牠有多長?

Moses sole 大約 20 cm 長 (7,9 in)一根香蕉 大約 18 cm (7,1 in)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)
跟 6 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長

Moses sole 跟「你」比起來有多大?

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存,也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快?

值得知道

小知識

1

One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1

2

Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1

3

Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1

4

Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1

5

Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1

給毒液專家

學名
Pardachirus marmoratus
類群
其他有毒動物
家人
Soleidae2
排序
Carangiformes
各大洲
太平洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
對人的危險
1 / 5: 輕微3

知識的出處

  1. Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的: 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字,指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了,對不起,我們是動物迷,不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們,我們會修正。

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