第 0328 號，共 1 402 號

Namaqua dwarf adder

Bitis schneideri

名字的由來： The specific name schneideri honours Dr Oskar Schneider (1841–1903), a friend of the scientist who described it. Schneider was a conchologist, a person who studies shells.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

蝰蛇

咬

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The Namaqua dwarf adder is a small venomous snake that lives on the coastal sand dunes where Namibia and South Africa meet. It is one of the smallest vipers in the world, and possibly the smallest.1

分布在

Coastal region straddling the border between Namibia and South Africa, from near Lüderitz to Hondeklip Bay1

非洲

首頁

It lives on white coastal sand dunes in a narrow strip of coastline. Its range may reach up to 60 km inland in the Sperrgebiet of southern Namibia.1

長度

18 cm 到 28 cm (7,1 in 到 11 in)1

最高速度

大約 3 km/h（1,9 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Namaqua dwarf adder 的照片 — Namaqua dwarf adder。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

It is the smallest species in the genus Bitis.1
Adults usually measure 18–25 cm in total length, including the tail.1
It lives on white coastal sand dunes.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is injected by bite. In one documented bite, the victim had intense pain, pronounced swelling, discolouration and oozing of fluid from the puncture marks. A 5 mm haematoma (a swelling of blood under the skin) formed after 24 hours. Symptoms eased over three to four days, and healing was complete after two weeks, with no loss of function. Minimal local tissue damage and no whole-body effects were reported.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

One bite is documented, recorded by a researcher. It caused pain and swelling but healed fully in about two weeks.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 9 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 120 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Namaqua dwarf adder 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Namaqua dwarf adder 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is possibly the smallest viper in the world.1

Its population faces unusually high annual mortality, between 39% and 56%, because of its small size and the many predators in its environment.1

To cope with this losses, it is thought to breed once every year. Most vipers breed every other year or less often.1

It lives in a comparatively narrow strip of coastal dunes, where temperatures change little between seasons.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bitis schneideri
類群: 蝰蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 非洲
寶寶: It is viviparous, meaning it gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3