第 0833 號，共 1 402 號

Nayarit scorpion

Centruroides noxius

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠螫了你，要趕快求救。

螫吃：肉

The Nayarit scorpion is a small, dark scorpion from Mexico. It hides under debris and in loose tree bark during the night. It is one of the most venomous scorpions in Mexico, so it is important to know what it looks like and to avoid being stung.1

分布在

Native to Mexico, in the states of Nayarit, Jalisco and Sinaloa. Also found in other Latin American countries, such as Chile.1

北美洲

首頁

It lives mainly in dry, arid places with little vegetation, on sandy and rocky soil. It is sometimes found in human dwellings. It has been recorded close to sea level and up to 500 m above it.1

長度

3,5 cm 到 5 cm (1,4 in 到 2 in)1

最高速度

大約 1,2 km/h（0,75 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It feeds mainly on small invertebrates, such as crickets, spiders and beetles. Juveniles usually feed on micro-crickets and small flies.1

Nayarit scorpion 的照片 — Nayarit scorpion。照片：oscar312。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adults grow to between 3.5 and 5 cm long.1
The body is dark, usually black or brown.1
The legs and pedipalps (the front, claw-like limbs) are generally lighter in colour.1
It has no fixed colour pattern, and some individuals have other colours.1
It is mostly active at night and hides in litter, debris, or loose bark of trees and bushes during the day.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains highly lethal neurotoxins for mammals, which are toxins that attack the nervous system. The venom attacks sodium and potassium channels, which are the gates that control electrical signals in nerves and muscles. In severe cases, this can stop the respiratory system and the heart from working. Two peptide toxins (small protein-based toxins) have been identified in the venom: noxiustoxin and Cn2 toxin.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is one of the most venomous scorpions in Mexico and one of the most dangerous in Latin America. Its venom is highly lethal to mammals. Its median lethal dose is 5 micrograms for a 20-gram mouse, which means the amount of venom that kills half of the mice tested.1

如果牠螫人

用冰敷袋冰敷螫傷處，讓傷者保持不動。趕快就醫，特別是小朋友：有些蠍子對小孩是致命的。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短可以在 300 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Nayarit scorpion 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Nayarit scorpion 大約 1,2 km/h (0,75 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its venom can stop the heart and breathing in mammals, which is why its sting is treated so seriously.1

It is one of the most venomous scorpions in Mexico and one of the most dangerous in Latin America.1

Young scorpions become independent at two or three weeks old, and the mother may eat them.1

During mating, which lasts about 10 minutes, the male holds the female with his pedipalps to avoid being bitten by her.1

It is native to Mexico, but it has also been found in Chile, and it is not known how it got there.1

給毒液專家

學名: Centruroides noxius
類群: 蠍子
家人: Buthidae2
排序: Scorpiones
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous, meaning eggs hatch inside the mother). A female gives birth to between 30 and 60 pups after a gestation period of 4 to 5 months.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3