第 0527 號，共 1 402 號

Red diamond rattlesnake

Crotalus ruber

名字的由來： The specific name 'ruber' is Latin for red, which refers to the snake's reddish colour.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

響尾蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The red diamond rattlesnake is a venomous pit viper with a reddish colour. It lives in southwestern California in the United States and in Baja California in Mexico. Its bite is a medical emergency, even though its venom is one of the weaker rattlesnake venoms.1

分布在

Southwestern California (USA), Baja California peninsula (Mexico) and islands in the Gulf of California1

北美洲

首頁

It lives in cooler coastal areas, over the mountains and into the desert beyond. It favours dense chaparral (shrubby scrubland) in the foothills, cactus patches and brush-covered boulders, from sea level up to 1,500 m. Small caves and cracks in reddish sandstone mesas are a favoured home.1

長度

30 cm 到 1,6 m (1 ft 到 5,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,9 km/h（2,4 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It preys on rabbits, ground squirrels, birds, lizards and other snakes. Coastal snakes eat prey with a larger body mass than desert snakes.1

Red diamond rattlesnake 的照片 — Red diamond rattlesnake。照片：Caudatejake。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Reddish colour, which gives the species its name1
A pattern very similar to the western diamondback, C. atrox1
The first lower lip scale on each side is split, forming a pair of chin shields1
Usually 29 rows of dorsal (back) scales, ranging from 25 to 31 rows1

常被誤認為： It is very similar in pattern to C. atrox, the western diamondback. The red diA mond rattlesnake can be told apart by its reddish colour and by the split first lower lip scale that forms a pair of chin shields.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

All rattlesnakes are venomous, and this species has one of the least potent rattlesnake venoms. Its venom contains enzymes that break down proteins and damage tissue, and it can cause massive swelling, pain, bruising, blisters and tissue death at the bite site. Symptoms can also include nausea, vomiting and bleeding problems, because the venom affects how the blood clots.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Its venom is mild compared with other rattlesnakes, and the snake has a mild disposition. However, a bite is still a medical emergency and can be fatal without prompt antivenom treatment.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

This species is of a mild disposition.1

如果牠咬人

A bite from this snake is a medical emergency. Get medical help straight away, because prompt antivenom treatment is needed.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 9 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 92 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Red diamond rattlesnake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Red diamond rattlesnake 大約 3,9 km/h (2,4 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its venom is one of the least potent of all rattlesnake venoms, yet a bite still needs urgent treatment.1

The largest recorded specimen measured 162 cm, which is long for a rattlesnake of this kind.1

Snakes from coastal areas are longer on average than those from desert areas.1

It lives on several islands in the Gulf of California, as well as on the Baja California peninsula.1

破解迷思

迷思： Because its venom is mild, its bite is harmless.

真相： Its venom is one of the least potent of rattlesnake venoms, but a bite is still a medical emergency and can be fatal without prompt antivenom treatment.1

給毒液專家

學名: Crotalus ruber
類群: 響尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous). Females give birth in August to between three and 20 young, each 30 to 34 cm long.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3