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Cane toad 的卡通圖
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Cane toad

Rhinella marina
名字的由來： The common name comes from its use against the cane beetle, which damages sugar cane. The name 'marine toad' came from a mistaken belief that it lived in the sea.1
需要看醫生不要碰很少致命，但如果有人碰了或吃了牠，要去看醫生。
箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈 皮膚裡有毒吃：每樣都來一點有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液
對人的危險: 嚴重如果有人碰了或吃了牠，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The cane toad is a large toad that is very poisonous to many animals. It is native to South and mainland Central America, but people have moved it to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean and to northern Australia. It matters because it spreads quickly and harms native wildlife and pets.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。
分布在
Native to South and mainland Central America. Introduced to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean, and to northern Australia.1
北美洲, 南美洲
首頁
Cane toads live in open grassland and woodland. They prefer places changed by people, such as gardens and drainage ditches. In their native areas they can also be found in subtropical forests.1
長度
10 cm 到 24 cm (3,9 in 到 9,4 in)1
最高速度
大約 2 km/h（1,2 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
Cane toads eat both living and dead matter. They mainly find food by sight, but they can also use their sense of smell. Their diet includes small mammals, reptiles, birds, bats, many insects, plants, pet food and household rubbish.1
是真的！Cane toad 的照片
Cane toad。照片：Connor Margetts。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Very large, with adults usually 10 to 15 cm long1
  • Dry, warty skin with distinct ridges above the eyes that run down the snout1
  • A large parotoid gland (a swollen gland) behind each eye1
  • Grey, yellowish, red-brown or olive-brown skin, often with patterns1
  • Horizontal pupils and golden irises1

常被誤認為： In Australia, adults can be confused with large native frogs, but these lack the large parotoid glands and the ridge between the nostril and eye. The giant burrowing frog has vertical pupils and silver-grey irises, while the cane toad has horizontal pupils and golden irises. In the United States, the southern toad has two bulbs in front of the parotoid glands.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The toad's glands secrete a milky-white fluid called bufotoxin when it is threatened. Components of bufotoxin are toxic to many animals. In dogs, signs of poisoning include excessive drooling, extremely red gums, head-shaking, crying and loss of coordination.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果有人碰了或吃了牠，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The toxic skin can kill many wild and domestic animals. Dogs are especially at risk from licking or biting the toad. Human deaths have also been recorded after people ate cane toads.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it releases bufotoxin from its glands.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

  • 如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Cane toad 大約 24 cm 長 (9,4 in)一根香蕉 大約 18 cm (7,1 in)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)
跟 8 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 180 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Cane toad 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Young toads lose the toxicity they had as eggs and tadpoles, and they only develop their poison glands later. Only an estimated 0.5% of cane toads reach adulthood.1

2

In Australia, tadpoles have evolved to be more likely to eat their siblings than tadpoles in South America.1

3

A female can lay thousands of eggs in one spawn, in strings up to 20 metres long.1

4

In the wild, cane toads can live 10 to 15 years, and one captive toad was reported to have lived 35 years.1

5

The cane toad is considered the largest species in the Bufonidae, the toad family.1

6

Cane toads eat both living and dead matter, which is unusual among frogs and toads.1

破解迷思

迷思： The name 'marine toad' suggests that cane toads live in the sea.

真相： Cane toads do not live in the sea. The name came from a mistaken belief by an early naturalist.1

給毒液專家

學名
Rhinella marina
類群
箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人
Bufonidae2
排序
Anura
各大洲
北美洲, 南美洲
寶寶
A female lays 8,000 to 25,000 eggs at once, in long jelly strings that can stretch up to 20 metres.1
壽命
大約 15 年1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Cane toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Rhinella marina (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈

Golden poison frog箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈致命不要碰Dyeing poison dart frog箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈只是會痛不要碰Strawberry poison-dart frog箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈只是會痛不要碰Black-legged poison frog箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈可能致命不要碰California newt箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈可能致命不要碰Rough-skinned newt箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈可能致命不要碰

也分布在: 北美洲

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