第 0569 號，共 1 402 號

Red-necked keelback

Rhabdophis subminiatus

名字的由來： The specific name subminiatus refers to its reddish colour, from the Latin miniatus, meaning scarlet or vermilion.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

後毒牙蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The red-necked keelback is a snake from the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It is unusual because it is venomous, which is rare for snakes in its family, and it was only recently reclassified as dangerous to people.1

分布在

Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra1

亞洲

首頁

The red-necked keelback generally lives near ponds.1

長度

70 cm 到 90 cm (2,3 ft 到 3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 5,1 km/h（3,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats frogs, fish, lizards and small mammals. It also eats poisonous toads.1

Red-necked keelback 的照片 — Red-necked keelback。照片：W.A. Djatmiko (Wie146)。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Greenish overall, with red and yellow areas near the head.1
The red colour may be limited to the neck, or it may be more extensive.1
Adults grow to 70 to 90 cm in total length, including the tail.1
Females are much larger than males.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

This snake is rear-fanged, so its venom is delivered through grooved teeth at the back of the upper jaw rather than through hollow front fangs. Its venom can cause internal bleeding, including bleeding in the brain, nausea, and blood clotting problems such as disseminated intravascular coagulation. In animal tests, the venom caused kidney failure.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

After one fatal and several near-fatal envenomations, the snake was reclassified as dangerous. Most bites to people involve the front teeth and cause no harmful effects, but rare bites from the rear fangs can be lethal. Recent reports describe severe envenomation and organ failure, affecting the kidneys and liver, after even brief bites.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, for example by being touched, it can burst its nuchal glands in the red neck, releasing stored toad toxins (bufotoxins) that cause fast heartbeat, drooling, convulsions and paralysis.1

如果牠咬人

Care is needed when treating a bitten person. Injections should be avoided, as they may cause excessive bleeding.1
清洗咬傷處，讓傷者保持冷靜，並且就醫。有些種類（例如非洲樹蛇）可能在幾個小時後才致命。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識