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Indian cobra 的卡通圖
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Indian cobra

Naja naja
名字的由來： The name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word nāga, meaning "cobra".1
致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The Indian cobra is a heavy-bodied venomous snake that lives across the Indian subcontinent. It is famous for the large hood it spreads when threatened. It is one of the four snakes responsible for the most snakebites in India and Sri Lanka, so knowing how to recognise it matters.1

分布在
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and southern Nepal. Also reported in Bhutan and possibly eastern Afghanistan.1
亞洲
首頁
It lives in forests, plains, farmland such as rice paddies, rocky ground, wetlands and towns and villages. It is often found near water and hides in holes, tree hollows, termite mounds and rock piles. It sometimes enters buildings in search of rats.1
長度
1 m 到 2,2 m (3,3 ft 到 7,2 ft)1
最高速度
大約 7,8 km/h（4,8 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats rodents, plovers, grebes, lizards and frogs. It bites its prey, waits while the venom disables it, and then swallows it whole.1
是真的！Indian cobra 的照片
Indian cobra。照片：Chayant Gonsalves。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • A relatively large hood, which it expands when threatened.1
  • Many individuals have a hood mark on the back of the hood: two round eye-like patterns joined by a curved line, looking like a pair of spectacles.1
  • Colour varies widely. The underside can be grey, yellow, tan, brown, reddish or black, and many adults have salt-and-pepper speckles on the upper scales.1
  • Adults in southern Pakistan are often uniformly black on top, with a light underside.1

常被誤認為： The Oriental rat snake is often mistaken for this cobra, but it is much longer and has a more ridged-looking body. The monocled cobra has an O-shaped pattern on the back of its hood, while the Indian cobra has a spectacles-shaped pattern. The Caspian cobra can be confused with it where they share range in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but it is never fully black.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom mainly contains a powerful neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves, and a cardiotoxin, which harms the heart. The neurotoxin paralyses muscles, and severe bites can lead to respiratory failure (breathing failure) or cardiac arrest (the heart stopping). Symptoms may appear between 15 minutes and two hours after a bite. Early signs include severe local pain and swelling that spreads up the limb, followed by darkening and blistering of the skin, as well as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and drowsiness.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

It is responsible for many snakebites and most snakebite cases in Bangladesh. In one study, untreated bite victims had a mortality rate of about 20–30%. In another study of patients who received prompt medical treatment, the rate was 9%. The amount of venom delivered varies from bite to bite.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it spreads its large hood.1

如果牠咬人

  • Prompt medical treatment and antivenom reduce deaths from this snake's bites. Polyvalent serum, an antivenom that works against several snake species, is available for treating these bites.1
  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Indian cobra 大約 2,2 m 長 (7,2 ft)大人的腳踏車 大約 1,8 m (5,9 ft)一台汽車 大約 4,5 m (15 ft)
跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 12 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 46 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Indian cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Its venom is used as an intoxicant in India. Snake charmers have been paid to provide bites from their snakes, and the effects include loss of consciousness, euphoria and sedation.1

2

Hatchlings are independent from birth and have fully working venom glands, so even young snakes can deliver venom.1

3

It is revered in Hindu mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers.1

4

It is protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).1

給毒液專家

學名
Naja naja
類群
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人
Elapidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
亞洲
寶寶
It lays eggs, usually 10 to 30 in rat holes or termite mounds between April and July. The eggs hatch after 48 to 69 days.1
對人的危險
5 / 5: 致命3

知識的出處

  1. Indian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja naja (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇

King cobra眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命Caspian cobra眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命Common krait眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命Malayan krait眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命Many-banded krait眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命Monocled cobra眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇致命

也分布在: 亞洲

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