第 0035 號，共 1 402 號

King cobra

Ophiophagus hannah

名字的由來： The genus name Ophiophagus means 'snake eater', which comes from its habit of eating snakes.1

致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。

眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The king cobra is a large venomous snake of tropical Asia. It is the world's longest venomous snake, and it mostly eats other snakes. It is widely spread across its range, but people do not often see it.1

分布在

Tropical Asia, from India and Nepal through Southeast Asia to southern China and the Philippines1

亞洲

首頁

It lives across many tropical Asian habitats and is found at elevations up to 2,000 m.1

長度

3,2 m 到 5,8 m (10 ft 到 19 ft)1

體重

10 kg (22 lb)1

最高速度

大約 10 km/h（6,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It mainly hunts other snakes, including its own kind, and also eats lizards and rodents now and then. After it bites its prey, it swallows the animal whole, and its flexible jaws let it swallow prey much larger than its head.1

King cobra 的照片 — King cobra。照片：Michael Allen Smith from Seattle, USA。 CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Adults are olive green with black and white bands across the trunk that run towards the head.1
The head has 15 drab-coloured shields that are edged in black.1
The hood is oval, with two black spots between the two lowest scales.1
Juveniles are black with chevron-shaped white, yellow or buff bars that point towards the head.1
The tail is yellowish green and marked with black.1

常被誤認為： Despite its common name and some resemblance, it is not a true cobra: it belongs to its own genus.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is neurotoxic, which means it attacks the nerves, and cytotoxic, which means it damages cells. Symptoms can start rapidly after a bite. The cobra can strike at a considerable range and height, and it has an immense venom yield.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The king cobra is not considered aggressive and usually avoids humans. Attacks usually happen when an individual is cornered or accidentally exposes itself, or when people come close by chance.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it spreads its neck flap, raises its head, hisses or growls loudly, and sometimes charges.1

如果牠咬人

After a bite, prompt antivenom is needed, so get to medical care as fast as possible.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 2,5 隻家貓一樣重

跟 6 隻狗從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 32 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 36 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

King cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

King cobra 大約 10 km/h (6,2 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its growl is much lower than most snakes' hisses, with a dominant frequency near 600 Hz, which is closer to a human voice.1

It is dominant over all other snakes except large pythons.1

It can swallow prey much larger than its head because of its flexible jaws.1

It can go many months without another meal after a large meal because its metabolism is slow.1

It is considered the national reptile of India and has an important place in the mythology and folk traditions of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.1

Its common name 'hamadryad' is still used in older books.1

破解迷思

迷思： King cobras are aggressive and attack people on sight.

真相： The king cobra is not considered aggressive and usually avoids humans. It defends its eggs fiercely and may strike if it is cornered or accidentally exposed.1

給毒液專家

學名: Ophiophagus hannah
類群: 眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It lays eggs. The female builds a nest of dry leaf litter and guards the eggs through the incubation period.1
牠在野外的狀況: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, since 2010)1
對人的危險: 5 / 5: 致命3