第 0530 號，共 1 402 號

Ridge-nosed rattlesnake

Crotalus willardi

名字的由來： The scientific name willardi honours Frank Cottle Willard, a businessman from Tombstone, Arizona, who discovered the snake.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

響尾蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The ridge-nosed rattlesnake is a small venomous snake with a raised ridge on the end of its nose. It lives in wooded mountains in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and it is the official state reptile of Arizona. Its bite is rarely a serious threat to people.1

分布在

Southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico) and northern Mexico, mainly in the sky island mountain region1

北美洲

首頁

This snake is rarely found outside high-elevation habitats, especially wooded mountain ranges in the southwest. Each subspecies lives in only a few mountain ranges, so meeting one is rare.1

長度

30 cm 到 60 cm (1 ft 到 2 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,3 km/h（2,1 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an ambush hunter that coils and waits for prey to come within striking range. It eats small mammals, birds, lizards and large centipedes. Young snakes mostly eat centipedes and lizards, while adults mostly eat mammals and birds.1

Ridge-nosed rattlesnake 的照片 — Ridge-nosed rattlesnake。照片：[Photo by Robert Bryson] Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Cruz A (2017) Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, with comparisons。 CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

A small rattlesnake, usually 30 to 60 cm long1
A dark brown base colour with pale or white horizontal stripes1
A clear ridge on the snout, formed by upturned scales on the tip of the nose1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is largely hemotoxic, meaning it damages blood and the tissue around the bite. Because the snake is small, it injects only small amounts of venom, so its bite is not as life-threatening as that of larger rattlesnakes. A bite can still cause pain and discomfort.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

No deaths have been documented from ridge-nosed rattlesnakes. A bite is rare, but it can still cause pain and discomfort.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Ridge-nosed rattlesnake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Ridge-nosed rattlesnake 大約 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is the official state reptile of Arizona.1

The snake's ridge is made by upturned scales on the tip of its nose, which makes it easy to recognise.1

Although it is a rattlesnake, it gives birth to live young. The babies develop inside eggs that stay within the mother until they are born.1

破解迷思

迷思： Every rattlesnake bite is equally deadly.

真相： This species has very low venom yields, so its bite is not as life-threatening as those of larger rattlesnakes, and no deaths have been documented.1

給毒液專家

學名: Crotalus willardi
類群: 響尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Females produce 2 to 9 young, averaging five, in late July or August, after a gestation of about four to five months.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN). The New Mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake subspecies (C. w. obscurus) is endangered.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3