第 0529 號，共 1 402 號

Rock rattlesnake

Crotalus lepidus

名字的由來： Its common name comes from the rocky outcrops and talus slopes where it spends most of its life.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

響尾蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The rock rattlesnake is a small rattlesnake that lives in the south-western United States and northern central Mexico. It spends most of its life among rocks and hides well by blending in with its surroundings. It is venomous, so it is important to know what it looks like and to give it plenty of room.1

分布在

Southwestern United States (south-eastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, south-western Texas) and northern central Mexico1

北美洲

首頁

It lives mainly in rocky outcrops and talus slopes, and man-made road cuts are often a favourite place. Most people bitten by this snake were hiking among rocks where it lives.1

長度

81 cm (2,7 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,4 km/h（2,1 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small mammals, lizards and sometimes frogs. It is often more active at colder temperatures than other rattlesnake species.1

Rock rattlesnake 的照片 — Rock rattlesnake。照片：Caudatejake。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Usually light grey with darker grey banding, especially near areas of limestone1
Snakes at higher altitudes tend to be darker1
The mottled form from the Davis Mountains is often pinkish with dark-grey speckling rather than clear banding1
The banded form has clean, distinct banding with little speckling or mottling1
Has a large, rounded head, vertical pupils and a rattle on the tail. It rarely grows longer than 81.3 cm1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is mainly a hemotoxin, a type of venom that acts on the blood and body tissues. It can also have significant neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The snake is not aggressive and relies on camouflage, so it often will not strike or rattle unless it is harassed. However, if someone steps on it or touches it by accident, its immediate reaction is to bite. Most people bitten by this snake were hiking among rocks.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It relies on camouflage and will often stay still rather than strike or rattle unless it is physically harassed.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 1,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Rock rattlesnake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Rock rattlesnake 大約 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

A new segment is added to the rattle each time the snake sheds its skin, but the rattle can break off, so segments do not give a reliable age.1

Its rattle is made of keratin, the same material as human fingernails.1

Its colour generally reflects the colour of the rock where it lives, which helps it stay hidden.1

The young take three or more years to mature.1

破解迷思

迷思： You can tell a rock rattlesnake's age by counting the segments on its rattle.

真相： A segment is added each time the snake sheds, but the rattle is fragile and can break off, and shedding frequency varies. So the number of segments cannot tell you its age.1

給毒液專家

學名: Crotalus lepidus
類群: 響尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: It is ovoviviparous, so it gives birth to live young, six to eight at a time, about four months after breeding in spring. The young look like small versions of the parents.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN Red List). It is listed as a threatened species by New Mexico.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3