第 0522 號，共 1 402 號

Western rattlesnake

Crotalus oreganus

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

咬吃：肉

The Western rattlesnake is a venomous pit viper that lives across western North America, from the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico to the southern interior of British Columbia in Canada. It is one of only three rattlesnake species still found in Canada, which is why its populations there matter.1

分布在

Western North America, from the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico to the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada1

北美洲

首頁

It lives in dry southern-interior valleys in British Columbia. In winter it searches for denning sites on steep slopes surrounded by medium-sized rocks.1

長度

1,6 m (5,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,7 km/h（2,3 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It uses heat-sensing pits on its face to find prey. Adults eat birds, bird eggs, small mammals from mice to rabbits, and small reptiles and amphibians. Juveniles eat insects.1

Western rattlesnake 的照片 — Western rattlesnake。照片：Connor Long。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Ground colour is dark brown, dark grey, olive-brown, or sometimes black or pale yellowish.1
Large dark blotches run along the back, with uneven white edges, and are wider than the gaps between them.1
A dark brown stripe with a white border runs from the eye to the angle of the jaw.1
The belly is pale yellow, usually with brown spots.1
Juveniles have clearer patterns that fade as the snake matures. The last two tail rings, at the base of the tail, are usually black.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is both hemotoxic, meaning it damages blood and tissue, and neurotoxic, meaning it affects the nerves. In prey, it can cause paralysis, which stops the animal escaping. In people it is linked with cardiovascular effects, internal bleeding and headaches.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 9 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 97 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Western rattlesnake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Western rattlesnake 大約 3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its size depends on where it lives and on its diet. Snakes that eat lizards are much smaller than those that eat birds and mammals.1

The largest recorded Western rattlesnake measured 162.6 cm, but mainland adults often reach about 100 cm.1

It makes seasonal migrations between winter and summer habitats to follow its prey.1

Mating snakes are very sensitive to disturbance and quickly separate.1

Most females breed every two years, although about 10% breed in two years in a row.1

給毒液專家

學名: Crotalus oreganus
類群: 響尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 北美洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young, usually 3 to 8 per litter (1 to 15 is the range), in August or September. Newborns are about 19 to 28 cm long.1
牠在野外的狀況: Threatened in Canada (Schedule 1 federally threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act). Previously listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3