第 0008 号，共 1 402 张

Javan spitting cobra

Naja sputatrix

名字的由来： The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra, and sputatrix comes from the Latin for "spitter".1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你或朝你眼睛吐毒液，赶快求助。

眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇

会喷或会吐吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The Javan spitting cobra is a venomous snake that lives on the islands of Java, Bali and other Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is named for its habit of spraying venom at a threat instead of only biting. It is a medium to large snake, and adults can grow to nearly 2 metres long.1

生活在

Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, including Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Komodo1

亚洲

首页

It is found mostly in tropical and wet forests, but it adapts to many habitats, including dry woodlands, cultivated hill country and, on Komodo, dry savanna and deciduous monsoon forest. It is a terrestrial snake, so it moves on the ground, and it is nocturnal, so it is active at night.1

长度

1.9 m (6.1 ft)1

最高速度

约 7.5 公里/小时（4.7 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats mostly small mammals such as rats and mice, but also frogs, other snakes and lizards. The Komodo dragon preys on this cobra, making it easy prey for that lizard.1

Javan spitting cobra的照片 — Javan spitting cobra。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Adults are usually a uniform yellowish, brown or blackish colour.1
Juveniles often have throat bands and lateral throat spots.1
When a hood mark is present, it is most often chevron-shaped (V-shaped).1
It has smooth, very oblique dorsal scales and expands a hood when threatened.1
The average adult length is 1.3 metres, with a maximum of around 1.85 metres.1

毒液之力

会喷或会吐

它会向攻击者喷射刺激性液体。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains mainly cardiotoxins, which act on the heart, and smaller amounts of neurotoxins, which act on the nerves. Its venom has a strong anticoagulant effect, meaning it weakens the blood's ability to clot. The venom may be potent but may not be particularly rapid-acting.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Very few human deaths are attributed to this species.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is very defensive and readily spits venom when it feels threatened, and its hood expands as a warning.1

如果它咬人或吐毒液

让人保持安静不动，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院：抗毒血清是治疗方法。
如果毒液被喷进眼睛，立刻用大量清水冲洗。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它咬了你或朝你眼睛吐了毒液：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 10 根香蕉首尾相接一样长48 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Javan spitting cobra和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Javan spitting cobra 约 7.5 公里/小时 (4.7 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is one of the few cobras that can spit venom at a threat, and it does so readily.1

Cardiotoxins make up about 60% of its venom by dry weight, while neurotoxins make up only about 4.5%.1

The Komodo dragon preys on this cobra, which makes it easy prey for that lizard.1

Hatchlings are completely independent from birth, so no parent cares for them.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Komodo specimens are reluctant to spit.

真相： Field observations suggest the opposite: they do spit.1

给毒液专家

学名: Naja sputatrix
类别: 眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 亚洲
宝宝: Females lay about 16 eggs on average, with clutches of 13 to 19 eggs, and the incubation period is about 88 days. Hatchlings are completely independent from birth.1
它在野外过得怎么样: CITES Appendix II (not threatened with extinction now, but may become so unless trade is strictly regulated; commonly harvested for skins and occasionally found in the pet trade)1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3