第 0002 号，共 1 402 张

Monocled cobra

Naja kaouthia

名字的由来： The name comes from the monocle-shaped, or circular, marking on the hood.1

致命地球上最致命的动物之一。如果它咬了你，立刻呼救。快速救治和抗毒血清能救活大多数人。立刻拨打急救电话。

眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

The monocled cobra is a venomous snake found across South and Southeast Asia. It has a round, monocle-shaped mark on the back of its hood, though some individuals have a faint pattern or none at all. It often lives close to people, so it is responsible for many snakebites in its range.1

生活在

South and Southeast Asia, from India east to China, Vietnam and Cambodia, and south to the Malay Peninsula1

亚洲

首页

It prefers places with water, such as paddy fields, swamps and mangroves, but also lives in grasslands, forests, farmland (up to 1,000 m) and human settlements, including cities. In rice-growing areas it hides in rodent burrows in the banks between fields.1

长度

1.4 m到2.3 m (4.4 ft到7.5 ft)1

最高速度

约 7.6 公里/小时（4.7 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Juveniles feed mostly on amphibians. Adults prey on small mammals, snakes and fish.1

Monocled cobra的照片 — Monocled cobra。照片：Akash M. Deshmukh。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

A round, O-shaped marking on the hood, usually yellow or orange, though the pattern can be variable or absent1
A black spot on the underside of the hood on either side1
One or two black cross-bars on the belly just behind the hood1
The back may be yellow, brown, grey or blackish, and adults become paler, brownish or olive1
Adults typically measure 1.35 to 1.5 m, with a tail of about 23 cm1

常被误认为： The Indian cobra has a 'spectacle' pattern on the back of its hood: two circular marks joined by a curved line. The monocled cobra has a single O-shaped mark instead.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves. It blocks nerve signals to the muscles, which can cause paralysis and, in severe cases, death from respiratory failure. The venom also contains myotoxins (which damage muscle) and cardiotoxins (which harm the heart), and usually causes extensive local tissue death (necrosis) around the bite. Drowsiness and neurological symptoms usually appear first, while pain, flushing and low blood pressure typically appear within one to four hours. In very severe cases, paralysis or death can occur as early as 60 minutes. The neurotoxins of this species are described as weak.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

It is responsible for a significant share of snakebite cases and deaths in its range. It causes the greatest number of snakebite fatalities in Thailand. In Thailand between 1968 and 1974, 20 cobra bites were recorded, all with systemic envenoming, and 19 patients survived.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

When disturbed it prefers to escape, but when threatened it raises the front of its body, spreads its hood, hisses loudly and strikes to bite.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院：抗毒血清是治疗方法。
如果毒液被喷进眼睛，立刻用大量清水冲洗。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 13 根香蕉首尾相接一样长47 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Monocled cobra和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Monocled cobra 约 7.6 公里/小时 (4.7 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

Some populations can spray venom accurately at a target, which is why it is called the Indian spitting cobra.1

A single bite delivers about 263 mg of dry venom on average.1

It can hybridise with the spectacled cobra (Naja naja), and some hybrid pairs have been seen cooperating in caring for young.1

In rice-growing areas it has become semi-aquatic, living close to water.1

Its largest recorded fang measures 6.78 mm.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Every monocled cobra has the monocle-shaped mark and can spit venom.

真相： The hood pattern can be highly variable or absent in some individuals, and not all individuals can spit venom.1

给毒液专家

学名: Naja kaouthia
类别: 眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 亚洲
宝宝: It lays eggs. Females lay 16 to 33 eggs per clutch, hatching after 55 to 73 days, and usually stay with the eggs.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern (IUCN Red List); listed on CITES Appendix II1
对人的危险: 5 / 5: 致命3