第 0045 号，共 1 402 张

Red-headed krait

Bungarus flaviceps

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤吃：肉

The red-headed krait is a large, highly venomous snake with a striking look: a bright red head and tail and a glossy black body. It lives in lowland rain forests across Southeast Asia, including on some islands, and it is uncommon. It is a night-time hunter, and people rarely meet it.1

生活在

Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, and parts of Indonesia1

亚洲

首页

It lives in rain forests in lowland, hilly and mountainous areas, including some islands. It is hardly ever found near human homes.1

长度

1.2 m到2.1 m (3.9 ft到6.9 ft)1

最高速度

约 7.8 公里/小时（4.8 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats skinks, lizards, frogs, caecilians (legless amphibians), small mammals and snake eggs. It was once thought to eat mainly other snakes.1

Red-headed krait的照片 — Red-headed krait。照片：Henning Larsen。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

A bright red head and tail1
A black body with a narrow bluish white stripe along the side1
Large, smooth, glossy scales1
Adults can reach 2.1 metres, with an average of 1.2 to 1.5 metres1

常被误认为： It is similar to the blue Malayan coral snake, which is also venomous, and to the nonvenomous red-headed reed snake.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is a neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves. It blocks signals between nerves and muscles, causing paralysis. Victims can stop breathing, which can lead to death by asphyxiation. Between 20 minutes and several hours after a bite, drooping eyelids may appear, along with double vision, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, headache and excess saliva. Symptoms can then worsen as more muscles, including the jaw, become paralysed, and breathing can become difficult.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Bites are reported rarely, and the venom is little studied for this reason. It is not usually considered high risk to people in the daytime, because it is sluggish and hides. At night it is active and extremely dangerous.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

When disturbed, it presses its head into the ground or hides its head within its flattened or rolled coils. Captives will generally refuse to strike until they have been teased for a long time.1

如果它咬人

Get to a hospital fast. Neurotoxic symptoms can be treated in hospital with antivenin or with drugs that inactivate acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the chemical messenger between nerves and muscles. Symptoms may also settle on their own.1
让人保持安静不动，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院：抗毒血清是治疗方法。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 12 根香蕉首尾相接一样长46 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Red-headed krait和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Red-headed krait 约 7.8 公里/小时 (4.8 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom contains a novel toxin called κ-flavitoxin, which blocks nicotinic transmission in autonomic ganglia, clusters of nerve cells that control automatic body functions.1

It has short, hollow fangs at the front of its upper jaw, and venom is forced out through a hole near the tip of each fang.1

It is partly aquatic and mainly active at night.1

It was once thought to eat mainly other snakes, but its diet is now known to be much wider.1