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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

Mayelana negama: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

Kudinga udokotelaKuyivelakancane ukuthi kubulale, kodwa ukulunywa kudinga udokotela.

Izicabucabu

UkulumaSidla: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

Ihlala

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

INyakatho Melika

Ekhaya

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

Ubude

6 mm kuya ku-2 cm (0.2 in kuya ku-0.8 in)1

Ijubane eliphezulu

cishe 0.8 km/h (0.5 mph)

Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje

Sidlani?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Isithombe sika-Brown recluse — Brown recluse. Isithombe: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Amandla obuthi

Ukuluma

Ubuthi buphuma ngamazinyo aso obuthi noma ngamazinyo uma siluma.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

Senzani uma sesabile?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Uma siluma

Geza inxeba lokulunywa bese ubeka iphakethe leqhwa phezu kwalo ngenxa yobuhlungu. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha uma ubuhlungu bunamandla, busabalala noma umuntu ezizwa engaphilile.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Uma sikuluma: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-Afrika I-Asia I-Yurophu INyakatho Melika INingizimu Melika I-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

side cishe njengesibophi sephepha

Brown recluse mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

Ufudu cishe 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Brown recluse cishe 0.8 km/h (0.5 mph)

Umuntu ohambayo cishe 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Umqothuli wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Iqiniso: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi: Loxosceles reclusa
Iqembu: Izicabucabu
Umndeni: Sicariidae2
Ukuhleleka: Araneae
Amazwekazi: INyakatho Melika
Izinsana: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Ingozi ebantwini: 3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
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