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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus

Kudinga udokotelaKuyivelakancane ukuthi kubulale, kodwa ukulunywa noma ubuthi emehlweni kudinga udokotela.

Izimfezi, izimamba nama-krait

Siyafafaza noma sikhafulaSidla: Inyama

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa noma ubuthi emehlweni kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

Ihlala

Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1

I-Afrika

Ekhaya

It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1

Ubude

90 cm kuya ku-1.1 m (3 ft kuya ku-3.6 ft)1

Ijubane eliphezulu

cishe 6.9 km/h (4.3 mph)

Emhlabathini, isiqagela nje

Sidlani?

It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1

Isithombe sika-Rinkhals — Rinkhals. Isithombe: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Indlela yokusibona

Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Ivamise ukudidaniswa ne: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Amandla obuthi

Siyafafaza noma sikhafula

Sifafaza noma sikhafulela uketshezi oluhlabayo kulabo abasihlaselayo.

Ubuthi baso benzani?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

Siyingozi kangakanani ebantwini?

Ingozi ebantwini: Kubi kakhuluUkulunywa noma ubuthi emehlweni kudinga udokotela. Ukufa kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Izindaba ezinhle: odokotela banomuthi (i-antivenom) noma indlela yokwelapha lokhu.1

Senzani uma sesabile?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

Uma siluma noma sikhafula

Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
Gcina umuntu engashukumi futhi ezolile, khipha izindandatho nezinto eziqinile, bese umusa esibhedlela ngokushesha: i-antivenom iyikhambi.
Uma ubuthi bukhafulelwe emehlweni, wahlanze ngamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile ngokushesha.

Njalo shayela kuqala inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911). Lokhu kuyiseluleko sosizo lokuqala esijwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha. Izisekelo zosizo lokuqala

Hlala uphephile

Ungalokothi uthinte, ubambe noma ugcone isilwane sasendle, ngisho noma sincane, futhi ngisho noma sibukeka silele noma sifile.
Sinike isikhala. Uma uhlangana naso, hlala uzolile, uhlehle kancane bese usiyeka sihambe ngendlela yaso.
Uma sikuluma noma sikukhafulela ubuthi emehlweni: hlala uzolile, ungashukumi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo (112, 000, 911) noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi besibukeka kanjani, isithombe siyasiza.

Asikuzingeli wena. Sisebenzisa ubuthi baso ukuze sibambe ukudla noma ukuzivikela, futhi singancamela ukucasha. Okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlala uphephile

Kuphi emhlabeni?

I-Afrika I-Asia I-Yurophu INyakatho Melika INingizimu Melika I-Australia ne-Oceania

Sikhulu kangakanani?

Side kangakanani?

side njengamakati asekhaya angu-2 kusuka ekhaleni kuya emsileniside njengobhanana abangu-6 abalandelanayosingahamba amamitha ali-100 ngemizuzwana engu-52 (umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke udinga engu-9,6)

Rinkhals mkhulu kangakanani uma uqhathanisa NAWE?

Yizibalo nje kusiphequluli sakho. Akukho okulondolozwayo noma okuthunyelwa ndawo.

Sishesha kangakanani?

Umuntu ohambayo cishe 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

Rinkhals cishe 6.9 km/h (4.3 mph)

Ingane egibele ibhayisikili cishe 12 km/h (7.5 mph)

kuhle ukwazi

Amaqiniso

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Umqothuli wezinganekwane

Inganekwane: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Iqiniso: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Okongoti bobuthi

Igama lesayensi: Hemachatus haemachatus
Iqembu: Izimfezi, izimamba nama-krait
Umndeni: Elapidae2
Ukuhleleka: Squamata
Amazwekazi: I-Afrika
Izinsana: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Ingozi ebantwini: 3 / 5: Kubi kakhulu3

Lapho amaqiniso evela khona

Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): amagama nokuhlelwa ngezigaba.
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