Venom Wiki
Venom Wiki / Anụ niile / Aṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwu
Eserese katuun nke Paulista wasp
Nọmba 0979 n'ime 1 402

Paulista wasp

Polybia paulista
Naanị na-afụ ụfụỌ na-afụ ụfụ, mana ọ gaghị emerụ gị ahụ nke ukwuu.
Aṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwu ỊgbaNri ya: Ntakịrị ihe niile
Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: Na-afụ ụfụỌ nwere ike ịfụ ụfụ nke ukwuu, mana ọ naghị adịkarị njọ.

The Paulista wasp is a social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of wasps. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Scientists are studying its venom because some of its peptides (small protein-like molecules) may one day help treat cancer and epilepsy.1

Ebe obibi
Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; especially common in São Paulo, Brazil1
Ndịda Amerika
Ụlọ
It lives in tropical areas and builds its nests where they are protected from weathering. Up to three colonies can share the same location, and swarms appear from time to time.1
Ogologo
1.1 cm (0.4 in)3
nha okenye nkịtị
Ọsọ kacha elu
ihe dị ka 22 km/h (14 mph)
Ọ na-efe efe, nchepụta
Gịnị ka ọ na-eri?
Workers forage for water, plant fibre or pulp, animal protein and carbohydrates. Animal protein is used to feed the larvae, and adults feed mainly on cactus fruits when these are plentiful.1
N'ezie!Foto Paulista wasp
Paulista wasp. Foto: Douglas. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Otú ị ga-esi mata ya

  • Lives in a colony with a division of labour between young, middle-aged and older wasps1
  • Builds a nest with combs and envelopes, which are fixed to a surface1
  • Forms a tight cluster of wasps on the outside of a new nest while the inside has little room1
  • Found in tropical areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina1

Ike nsị

Ịgba

Nsị na-esi na ndụdụ ya apụta.

Gịnị ka nsị ọ na-agba na-eme?

The venom contains several peptides. These cause pain, swelling (oedema) and haemolysis, which means they break down red blood cells. They also trigger an inflammatory response, which causes physical discomfort.1

Kedu otú o si dị egwu nye mmadụ?

Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: Na-afụ ụfụỌ nwere ike ịfụ ụfụ nke ukwuu, mana ọ naghị adịkarị njọ.

Gịnị ka ọ na-eme mgbe ụjọ tụrụ ya?

Wasps use venom to defend themselves and their colony against predators, and workers defend the nest.1

Ọ bụrụ na ọ gbaa

  • Kọpụta ndụdụ aṅụ ahụ hapụrụ, mee ka ebe ahụ jụọ oyi.
  • Ọ bụrụ na o siri onye ahụ ike iku ume, ihu ya ma ọ bụ akpịrị ya na-aza, ma ọ bụ na ọ dị ya ka ọ ga-ada mbà, ọ bụ mberede allergy: kpọọ nọmba mberede gị, jirikwa adrenaline pen ya (adrenaline auto-injector) ma ọ bụrụ na o nwere otu.

Na-ebu ụzọ kpọọ nọmba mberede gị mgbe niile (112, 000, 911). Nke a bụ ndụmọdụ enyemaka mbụ n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ ọgwụ. Isi ihe enyemaka mbụ

Nọrọ na nchekwa

  • Emetụla anụ ọhịa aka, ejidela ya, emekwala ya ihe ọjọọ, ọbụna obere, ọbụna ma ọ dị ka ọ na-ehi ụra ma ọ bụ nwụọ anwụ.
  • Nye ya ohere. Ọ bụrụ na ị zutere otu, dị jụụ, laghachi azụ nwayọ, hapụ ya ka ọ gaa ụzọ ya.
  • Ọ bụrụ na otu gbaa gị: dị jụụ, emegharịla ahụ, kpọọ nọmba mberede gị (112, 000, 911) ma ọ bụ gaa ụlọ ọgwụ ngwa ngwa. Cheta ka o si dị, foto na-enye aka.

Ọ naghị achụ gị. Ọ na-eji nsị ya ejide nri ma ọ bụ chebe onwe ya, ọ ga-akakwa mma n'anya ya ịzo onwe ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara ịnọ na nchekwa

Ebee n'ụwa?

AfrịkaEshiaYuropUgwu AmerikaNdịda AmerikaỌstrelia na Oshenia

Ọ hà aṅaa?

Kedu otú o si dị ogologo?

Paulista wasp ogologo ya dị ihe dị ka 1.1 cm (0.4 in)Otu mkpụrụ osikapa ihe dị ka 7 mm (0.3 in)Mkpụrụ ego otu euro ihe dị ka 2.3 cm (0.9 in)
dị obere nke na ọ nwere ike ịnọdụ n'elu mbọ aka gịnwere ike ife gafee ọdụ egwuregwu bọọlụ dum n'ime sekọnd 17

Kedu otú Paulista wasp si hà ma e jiri ya tụnyere GỊ?

Naanị mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ime browser gị. Ọ dịghị ihe echekwara ma ọ bụ ezigara ebe ọ bụla.

Kedu otú o si agba ọsọ?

ọ dị mma ịmara

Eziokwu

1

A peptide in the venom, called Polybia-MP1, kills cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, according to research so far. Further studies are needed to confirm it is safe as a chemotherapy drug.1

2

The venom contains mastoparan, which has been shown to inhibit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease.1

3

Workers cool the nest by fanning their wings and spreading water on the combs, so the water evaporates and lowers the temperature.1

4

Colonies can contain from 10 to 94 queens, because young queens are constantly recruited.1

5

A colony can hold about 4,500 wasps during its early stage, and up to 13,000 wasps while males are being produced.1

Maka ndị ọkachamara nsị

Aha sayensị
Polybia paulista
Otu
Aṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwu
Ezinụlọ
Vespidae2
Usoro
Hymenoptera
Kọntinent dị iche iche
Ndịda Amerika
Ụmụ ọhụrụ
Queens lay eggs that develop into workers throughout the year, and they store sperm to fertilise the eggs.1
Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ
2 / 5: Na-afụ ụfụ3

Ebe eziokwu ndị a si

  1. Polybia paulista (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Polybia paulista (iNaturalist): aha na nhazi ọkwa.
  3. Venom Wiki: ọkwa ihe ize ndụ, nha nkịtị na nchepụta ọsọ bụ nke anyị. Lee otú anyị si achọpụta ha: Otú anyị si atụ ihe ize ndụ.

Eziokwu ọ bụla dị na peeji a nwere nọmba na-egosi ebe o si. Ọ bụrụ na anyị mehiere ihe, ndo, anyị bụ ndị hụrụ anụmanụ n'anya, ọ bụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị. Gwa anyị na [email protected], anyị ga-edozi ya.

Akpị agụụ na-agụ! Venom Wiki bụ ọrụ otu onye: n'efu, na-enweghị mgbasa ozi na ndị na-esochi gị. Obere onyinye na-enyere aka idebe ya n'ịntanetị.Nye akpị nri

Ndị ọzọ si n'otu ahụ: Aṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwu

Tarantula hawkAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuNaanị na-afụ ụfụExecutioner waspAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuỌ chọrọ dọkịtaWarrior waspAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuỌ chọrọ dọkịtaArmadillo waspAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuỌ chọrọ dọkịtaGiant tarantula hawkAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuNaanị na-afụ ụfụRed paper waspAṅụ, ebu na ebu ukwuNaanị na-afụ ụfụ

Ọ na-ebikwa na: Ndịda Amerika

Golden poison frogAwọ nsị, awọ ala na newtNa-egbu egbuEmetụla ya akaTerciopeloPit viperNa-egbu egbuBrazilian wandering spiderUdudoNwere ike igbu mmadụEyelash viperPit viperNwere ike igbu mmadụGolden lanceheadPit viperNwere ike igbu mmadụSouth American bushmasterPit viperNwere ike igbu mmadụ
Nye akpị nriite onyinye, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ n'efu