No. 1044 / 1 402

Oak processionary

Thaumetopoea processionea

名前について： The name comes from the caterpillars' habit of moving in nose-to-tail lines called processions.1

痛いだけさわらないで痛いけど、大きな害はないよ。

毛虫と虫

刺す毛食べもの：植物

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

The oak processionary is a moth whose caterpillars feed on oak leaves and can strip trees bare. The caterpillars travel in long, nose-to-tail lines, which is how they got their name. Their fine, hair-like bristles can irritate skin and breathing, so they matter a lot to people.1

すんでいる場所

Central and southern Europe, occasionally as far north as Sweden; now established in the UK and Belgium1

ヨーロッパ

ホーム

Oak forests and oak trees, where the caterpillars feed and build silk nests on trunks and branches. People can meet them in oak woodland, on the ground under oaks, and in gardens and parks with oak trees. Their hairs can also reach lawns and garden ponds.1

長さ

2.5 cmから3.5 cm (1 inから1.4 in)1

最高速度

時速約0.03 km（時速0.02マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

Caterpillars eat oak leaves, feeding in the tree crowns at night and returning to their nests. They also eat the leaves of hazel, hornbeam, sweet chestnut, birch and beech, though oak is preferred.1

Oak processionaryの写真 — Oak processionary。写真：Kleuske。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Adult moths have a wingspan of 25 to 35 mm and are tan, brown and white, which makes them hard to see against oak bark.1
Caterpillars have very long, white hairs that contrast with shorter hairs.1
Caterpillars march in lines, often arrow-shaped, with a leader and rows of several caterpillars side by side.1
Nests are white and silk-like when new, and become discoloured and hard to see over time.1
Nests can be round, teardrop-shaped, bag-like or blanket-like, and can be found at any height on an oak tree.1

よくまちがえられるのは： Caterpillars of several other species may be mistaken for the oak processionary. Unlike other caterpillars, the oak processionary does not live on fences or walls, so it is mostly found in oak trees or on the ground beneath them in late spring and early summer.1

毒パワー

刺す毛

小さな毛やとげが皮ふの中で折れて、ちくちく刺すよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

The caterpillars' back bristles contain a urticating toxin called thaumetopoein, a protein that irritates the skin. Contact can cause a papular rash and itching, and the hairs can also cause eye inflammation (conjunctivitis). If the hairs are breathed in, they can cause sore throat (pharyngitis), breathing problems, asthma, or in rare cases anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

The moths are an increasing nuisance to people as their range grows, and the hairs can cause a skin condition called epidemic caterpillar dermatitis. The hairs break off easily, float in the air, and can stay harmful for several seasons. Mowing a lawn can bring people into contact with them.1

いい知らせ：お医者さんには、これに効く薬（抗毒素）か治療法があるよ。1

こわいとき、どうするの？

The caterpillars defend themselves with thousands of pointed, easily broken bristles on their backs that float in the air and irritate the skin.1

毛にさわったら

The skin irritation and itching can be largely relieved by cetirizine-based antihistamine tablets. Anyone with breathing problems or a severe reaction needs urgent medical help.1
刺す毛虫の毛には：セロハンテープではがしてから、皮ふを洗おう。こすらないで。
かまれたら：洗って冷やそう。その人の具合が悪くなったり、血が止まりにくかったりしたら、医療の助けを受けて。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
毛にさわったら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

だいたいゼムクリップくらいの長さカタツムリより遅い

Oak processionaryは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

Oak processionary 時速約0.03 km (0.02 mph)

カタツムリ 時速約0.05 km (0.03 mph)

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

Older caterpillars can have up to 63,000 pointed defensive bristles on their backs.1

In 2007, soldiers were deployed to burn infestations in the Belgian province of Limburg.1

The UK government spent £37 million trying to control the caterpillars, which had spread to all 33 London boroughs by 2019.1

In the Netherlands, great tits have been observed eating the young caterpillars before their hairs develop in April.1

In 2023, an outbreak in Ireland was successfully eradicated.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Thaumetopoea processionea
グループ: 毛虫と虫
家族: Notodontidae2
ならびかえ: Lepidoptera
大陸: ヨーロッパ
赤ちゃん: Eggs hatch into caterpillars that build communal silk nests in oak trees, and the caterpillars later pupate into adult moths in these nests.1
人への危険: 2 / 5: 痛い3