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Igishushanyo cya Brown recluse
No. 0653 kuri 1 402

Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa
Ibyerekeye izina: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1
Bisaba mugangaNi gake yica, ariko kurumwa na yo bisaba kujya kwa muganga.
Ibitagangurirwa IrarumaIrya: Inyama
Akaga ku bantu: IkomeyeKurumwa na yo bisaba kujya kwa muganga. Abapfa ni bake cyane.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

Iba muri
Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru
Ahabanza
Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1
Uburebure
6 mm kugeza kuri 2 cm (0,2 in kugeza kuri 0,8 in)1
Umuvuduko wo hejuru
hafi 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)
Ku butaka, ikigereranyo cy'ugereranyije
Irya iki?
Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1
Koko!Ifoto ya Brown recluse
Brown recluse. Ifoto: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Uko wayimenya

  • A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
  • Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
  • Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
  • No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
  • Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Ikunze kwitiranywa na: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Imbaraga z'ubumara

Iraruma

Ubumara busohokera mu menyo yayo y'ubumara cyangwa mu yandi menyo iyo iriye.

Ubumara bwayo bukora iki?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

Iteje akaga kangana iki ku bantu?

Akaga ku bantu: IkomeyeKurumwa na yo bisaba kujya kwa muganga. Abapfa ni bake cyane.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

Ikora iki iyo ifite ubwoba?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Niba iruma

  • Oza aho yarumye kandi uhashyire agapaki k'urubura kubera ububabare. Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga niba ububabare bukabije, bukwirakwira cyangwa umuntu yumva atameze neza.

Buri gihe banza uhamagare nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911). Izi ni inama rusange z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, si inama za muganga. Ibanze by'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

Irinde akaga

  • Ntuzigere ukora, ufata cyangwa ushotora inyamaswa yo mu gasozi, nubwo yaba ntoya, kandi nubwo yasa n'isinziriye cyangwa yapfuye.
  • Yihe umwanya. Niba uhuye n'imwe, tuza, usubire inyuma buhoro buhoro kandi uyireke yigendere.
  • Niba imwe ikurumye: tuza, ntunyeganyege, hamagara nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911) cyangwa ujye ku bitaro vuba. Ibuka uko yasaga, ifoto irafasha.

Ntigushakisha ngo ikugirire nabi. Ikoresha ubumara bwayo kugira ngo ifate ibyo kurya cyangwa yirinde, kandi ikunda cyane kwihisha. Ibindi ku kwirinda

Ni hehe ku isi?

AfurikaAziyaUburayiAmerika y'AmajyaruguruAmerika y'AmajyepfoOsitaraliya na Oseyaniya

Ingana gute?

Ireshya ite?

Brown recluse ireshya hafi 2 cm (0,8 in)Impeke y'umuceri hafi 7 mm (0,3 in)Igiceri cy'ayero 1 hafi 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
ireshya hafi na trombone yo gufata impapuro

Brown recluse ingana ite ugereranyije NAWE?

Ni imibare gusa ikorerwa muri mudasobwa yawe. Nta kintu kibikwa cyangwa cyoherezwa ahandi.

Yihuta gute?

bikwiye kumenywa

Ibintu by'ukuri

1

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

2

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

3

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

4

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

5

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Usenya ibinyoma

Ikinyoma: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Ukuri: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Ku bahanga mu by'ubumara

Izina rya siyansi
Loxosceles reclusa
Itsinda
Ibitagangurirwa
Umuryango
Sicariidae2
Itsinda rinini (order)
Araneae
Imigabane
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru
Abana bato
Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Akaga ku bantu
3 / 5: Ikomeye3

Aho ibintu bivugwa bituruka

  1. Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): amazina n'ibyiciro.
  3. Venom Wiki: urwego rw'akaga, ingano isanzwe n'ikigereranyo cy'umuvuduko ni ibyacu bwite. Reba uko tubibara: Uko tugena akaga.

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