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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Black-necked spitting cobra
No. 0024 ho 1 402

Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis
Ka lebitso: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1
E ka bolayaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Ha e ka o loma kapa ya o tshwela chefo mahlong, fumana thuso kapele.
Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait E a fafatsa kapa e a tshwelaE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

E phela
Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1
Afrika
Lapeng
It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1
Bolelele
1,2 m ho isa ho 2,2 m (3,9 ft ho isa ho 7,2 ft)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Black-necked spitting cobra
Black-necked spitting cobra. Foto: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
  • Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
  • Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
  • Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Matla a chefo

E a fafatsa kapa e a tshwela

E fafatsa kapa e tshwela mokedikedi o hlabang ho ba e hlaselang.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Haeba e loma kapa e tshwela

  • If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
  • Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele: antivenom ke yona kalafo.
  • Haeba chefo e tshwetswe mahlong, a hlatswe ka metsi a mangata a hlwekileng hang-hang.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba e nngwe e o loma kapa e o tshwela chefo mahlong: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Black-necked spitting cobra bolelele ba e ka bang 2,2 m (7,2 ft)Baesekele ya motho e moholo e ka bang 1,8 m (5,9 ft)Koloi e ka bang 4,5 m (15 ft)
e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 4 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 12 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 46 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Black-necked spitting cobra e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

2

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

3

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

4

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

5

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

6

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Nnete: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Naja nigricollis
Sehlopha
Di-cobra, di-mamba le di-krait
Lelapa
Elapidae2
Tatelano
Squamata
Dikontinente
Afrika
Masea
Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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