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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Brown recluse
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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa
Ka lebitso: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1
E hloka ngakaHa e atise ho bolaya, empa ho longwa ho hloka ngaka.
Dikgo Ho lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E tebilengHo longwa ho hloka ngaka. Lefu le etsahala ka seoelo haholo.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

E phela
Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1
Amerika Leboya
Lapeng
Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1
Bolelele
6 mm ho isa ho 2 cm (0,2 in ho isa ho 0,8 in)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Brown recluse
Brown recluse. Foto: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
  • Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
  • Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
  • No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
  • Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E tebilengHo longwa ho hloka ngaka. Lefu le etsahala ka seoelo haholo.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Haeba e loma

  • Hlatswa moo e lomileng teng mme o bee pakete ya leqhwa hodima teng bakeng sa bohloko. Fumana thuso ya bongaka haeba bohloko bo le matla, bo phatlalla kapa motho a ikutlwa a kula.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Brown recluse bolelele ba e ka bang 2 cm (0,8 in)Thollo ya raese e ka bang 7 mm (0,3 in)Tjhelete ya tshepe ya euro e le nngwe e ka bang 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
e telele jwaloka klipi ya pampiri

Brown recluse e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

2

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

3

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

4

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

5

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Nnete: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Loxosceles reclusa
Sehlopha
Dikgo
Lelapa
Sicariidae2
Tatelano
Araneae
Dikontinente
Amerika Leboya
Masea
Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Kotsi ho batho
3 / 5: E tebileng3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

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