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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Nose-horned viper
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Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes
Ka lebitso: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1
E ka bolayaE ka o bolaya ntle le kalafo. Ha e ka o loma, fumana thuso kapele.
Di-viper le di-adder Ho lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

E phela
Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1
Yuropa, Asia
Lapeng
It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1
Bolelele
14 cm ho isa ho 85 cm (5,5 in ho isa ho 2,8 ft)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Nose-horned viper
Nose-horned viper. Foto: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
  • Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
  • Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
  • Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
  • Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Matla a chefo

Ho loma

Chefo e tswa ka meno a yona a chefo (fangs) kapa ka meno a mang ha e loma.

Chefo ya yona (eo e e kenyang ka ho loma kapa ho hlaba) e etsang?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E kotsi haholoE ka bolaya motho ya sa fumaneng kalafo.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Ditaba tse monate: dingaka di na le moriana (antivenom) kapa kalafo bakeng sa sena.1

E etsang ha e tshohile?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Haeba e loma

  • Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
  • Boloka motho a sa sisinyehe ebile a kgutsitse, boloka setho se lomilweng se lekana le bophahamo ba pelo, tlosa mesale le dintho tse tiileng, mme o mo ise sepetlele kapele.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba e nngwe e o loma: dula o kgutsitse, o se ke wa sisinyeha, letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso (112, 000, 911) kapa o ye sepetlele kapele. Hopola hore e ne e shebahala jwang, foto e a thusa.

Ha e o batle. E sebedisa chefo ya yona ho tshwara dijo kapa ho itshireletsa, mme e kgetha ho ipata. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Nose-horned viper bolelele ba e ka bang 85 cm (2,8 ft)Katse ya lapeng e ka bang 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ntja e ka bang 1 m (3,3 ft)
e telele jwaloka dikatse tsa lapeng tse 1,5 ho tloha nkong ho isa mohatlenge telele jwaloka dibanana tse 5 tse latellanange ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 100 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Nose-horned viper e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

2

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

3

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

4

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

5

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

6

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Nnete: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Vipera ammodytes
Sehlopha
Di-viper le di-adder
Lelapa
Viperidae2
Tatelano
Squamata
Dikontinente
Yuropa, Asia
Masea
It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Boemo ba yona naheng
Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Kotsi ho batho
4 / 5: E kotsi haholo3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

Phepheng e lapile! Venom Wiki ke projeke ya motho a le mong: ke mahala, ha e na dipapatso ebile ha e na di-tracker. Thuso e nyenyane ya tjhelete e e boloka e ntse e le inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse ding tsa sehlopha se le seng: Di-viper le di-adder

Indian saw-scaled viperDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaPuff adderDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaNoha ea RussellDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaCommon European adderDi-viper le di-adderE hloka ngakaEastern Russell's viperDi-viper le di-adderE a bolayaNortheast African carpet viperDi-viper le di-adderE a bolaya

E boetse e phela: Yuropa

Spanish flyDiphoofolo tse ding tse chefangE hloka ngakaO se ke wa amaCommon waspDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaEuropean hornetDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaFire salamanderDihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newtE utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaWestern honey beeDinotshi, di-wasp le di-hornetE utlwisa bohloko feelaMediterranean black widowDikgoE hloka ngaka
Fepa phephengnkgo ya ditjhelete tsa teboho, e e boloka e le mahala